Agriculture
Mesolithic age
agriculture begins, nomads
Confucianism
founded by Confucius, respect for elders, importance in education, no deity, patriarchal, women not important to society
Bureaucracy in Rome
roman republic, citizens elect magistrates, senate, 2 consuls share power, twelve tables are the law code
Bureaucracy in China
had 130,000 bureaucrats during the Han, extremely strong
use of roads
reduced travel time, moved army and information
Neolithic age
after neolithic revolution, division of labor and agriculture is now used; decrease in nomads
Christianity
paul splits it from judaism, monotheistic, founded in Palestine, supported equality of all people, help the poor, spread by the extensive roads of Rome
fall of Rome
more gradual than the fall of the Han, empire was too large to defend, plagues and invasions (goths, visogoths, vandals) simultaneously, Hellenistic culture keeps eastern portion of rome together, germanic soldiers turned on romans, population decreased, the patricians also no longer cared about the military, literacy declines
Bureaucracy in India
mauryan had a substantial bureaucracy and a postal service, gupta had no bureaucracy
Mughal Empire
established by Babur in India in 1526, from Mongol descent, interested in contact with western traders
Indian Ocean Trade
different patterns of trade, exchanged textiles
Islam
began in Mecca in the saudi peninsula, monotheistic, Quran and hadiths were social texts, 5 pillars, spread to persia, syria, spain, and france through conquest
Caesar Augustus
first emperor of rome, former name was octavian defeated mark antony
impact of rice production in East Asia
it was expensive to transport by land so the Grand Canal had to be constructed, population increased
Ottoman Empire
established by the Turks that captured Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and the religion became Islam, successful army and navy
Polynesian migration
began 3500 years ago, depleted land resources, brought animals like pigs, changed the land by burning forests for agriculture
Feudalism
system in Zhou dynasty were a monarch relies on family members and nobles (vassals) to provide troops and tax money
effects of the Crusades
Muslim science and astronomy was spread to Europe, west is exposed to new culture, spurs changes in the west, greater thirst for spices, guilds (apprentice, journeymen, master)
China's view of other cultures
isolation, don't want to trade with other countries until the Spanish got silver
Portuguese exploration
Henry the Navigator began exploration by going around the African coast, da Gama made it to the cape of good hope, and they made it to Japan and India
Triangular trade
trade between Africa, Europe, and America
Daoism
Buddhism shifts its practices in China, nature's harmony and and spirituality, cosmic forces, govt. is not very important, founded by Laozi
causes of the Crusades
Christians wanted to take back the holy land from the Muslims, attraction to loot from the middle east
Silk Road
connects China, Middle East, India, Eastern Europe, spread ideas and goods, Buddhism was brought to China
silver and the economy
silver became the global currency after it was discovered in the americas, the Chinese wanted to trade the spanish spices for it