Unit 1: Exploration and Global Connections
This explorer reached the Caribbean in 1492 while searching for a western route to Asia, under the support of the Spanish Empire.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This South Asian labor and religious hierarchy shaped occupation and social status for centuries.
What is the Caste System?
This machine, improved by James Watt, became the backbone of early industry and transportation by superheating water to move interlocking parts with the pressure created.
What is the steam engine?
Karl Marx and Frederich Engels predicted that this system would replace capitalism with a classless society after a possibly violent workers’ revolution against the bourgeoisie, in which workers would own the means of production.
What is Communism?
European nations sought these two things in their colonies during the Industrial Revolution, seen as the major driving factors behind colonization and "New imperialism".
What are raw materials and markets for finished goods?
This system describes the movement of crops, animals, and disease between the Old and New Worlds.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This term describes large land-based empires such as the Ottoman and Mughals that used artillery, rifles, and cannons to expand.
What are "gunpowder empires"?
Rapid population movement out of rural areas and into cities, and the changes that needed to be made as a result during industrialization is known by this term.
What is Urbanization?
This economic theory, championed by Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations, supports free markets, encourages competition, maintains a symbiotic relationship between worker and owner, and suggests minimal government interference in business reform.
What is capitalism?
This system in Spanish American colonies granted landowners control over Indigenous labor in exchange for “protection.”
What is the Encomienda system?
This Portuguese explorer led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, even though he died before its completion.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
This Sunni Islamic empire used the devshirme system to recruit Christian boys into Janissary military service, and expanded their empire after the 1453 conquering of Constantinople.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
This feminine named invention allowed one worker to spin many spools of thread at once using an engine, revolutionizing the speed at which textiles could be made.
What is the Spinning Jenny?
Robert Owen and Charles Fourier supported this ideology that would create a "utopia" based on cooperation and shared ownership, in which the profits from businesses would be utilized to facilitate the lives of workers more so than business leaders.
What is Socialism?
The name of this poem by Rudyard Kipling created a claimed Europeans had a duty to “civilize” colonized peoples to spread ideas such as capitalism and Christianity.
What is the "White Man's Burden?"
The 1498 voyage of this opened direct sea trade between Europe and India by rounding Africa’s infamously treacherous Southern tip, known as the "Cape of Good Hope".
Who is Vasco de Gama?
This East Asian dynasty emphasized Confucian bureaucracy and used civil service exams to staff government with qualified public servants.
What is the Qing/Ming dynasty China?
This new class of factory workers experienced long hours, dangerous conditions, and low pay. Karl Marx believed it was these people who had to overthrow the wealthy merchants and landowners, known as the bourgeoisie.
Who are the proletariat?
This idea misused evolutionary theory that suggests more adaptive species survive over less adaptive ones to justify European racism and imperial domination.
What is "Social Darwinism"?
Known as the "Last Samurai", statesman Saigō Takamori made a statement resisting what when it comes to this in his home country of Japan in the late 1800's.
What is Western influence/imperialism?
DAILY DOUBLE! (Correct answer earns double points, or the team may choose to wager an amount of points. Correct answer will earn or lose 2x the amount of wagered points)
This American silver mining center city in modern day Bolivia became one of the largest sources of global silver to contribute to the so called "silver flow" to Europe and then Asia.
What is Potosi?
Japan rapidly modernized, industrialized, and centralized its government during this period, named after the emperor that was brought back to power, beginning in 1868.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
DAILY DOUBLE! (Correct answer earns double points, or the team may choose to wager an amount of points. Correct answer will earn or lose 2x the amount of wagered points)
The Factory Acts of Britain gradually limited these negative aspects of early factory labor after the Industrial Revolution. (Must name at least two)
What are long hours, low pay, child labor, or unsafe working conditions?
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, and other critics were part of this movement to protest U.S. and European overseas expansion.
What is Anti-Imperialism?
Author and businessman Cecil Rhodes justified British African expansion using this belief in racial and national superiority. (Multiple answers accepted)
What is white supremacy/Anglo-Saxon supremacy/racism/imperialism?