Places
Located in Iraq. This site has evidence of Neanderthal burials, going back to 70,000 years ago.
What is Shanidar Cave
Referred to often by the acronym CRM
Cultural Resource Management
The effort by archaeologists to address and try to transform its practices in response to the earlier, colonial history of the discipline.
What is De-colonialism in archaeology
This technique, usually done from an airplane, uses laser pulses to provide a detailed overview of the ground surface. It can penetrate through layers of vegetation and other ground cover
LiDAR
A technology increasingly used at archaeological sites open to tourists to help with reconstructing remains and providing more visitor engagement. This can also include Situated Simulation, where past events are reconstructed.
What is Augmented reality
Located in Pompeii, Italy. This site has floor mosaics which act to help distinguish the use of a space as public or private, etc.
What is House of the Mosaic Doves
Stage of CRM whereby test units are dug, and trench tests are used to determine the extent of archaeological heritage present on the property
What is Stage 3
Requests for the return of artifacts and other materials that were removed from a particular nation illicitly in the past.
What is Repatriation
A 3-dimensional imaging technique that uses multiple, overlapping photographs and spatial data to reconstruct an object or larger feature.
Photogrammetry
This was an excavation in a landfill in Alamogordo, New Mexico in 2014. This showed the potential of excavating a contemporary site and raised issues around topics like sales of artifacts and public engagement.
What is the Atari Graveyard
Located in El Salvador, this site was buried under a volcanic eruption ca. 600 CE. The site has well-preserved evidence of residential houses, and the activities which took place in them.
What is Cerén
Stage of CRM when you gather background research and conduct an initial property assessment to determine if there may be archaeological heritage present.
What is Stage 1
A similar process to repatriation where local communities may request that parts of their heritage be returned that were removed illicitly.
What is Restitution
Detects magnetic resistance of subsurface features to identify anomalies. To work, there must be some type of magnetic contrast. This technique also is challenging if surface metal is present, such as fences.
Magnetometry
A chemical disaster in 1984 in India that has numerous potential archaeological signatures for investigation, including transformation of the built environment and aspects of commemoration.
What is Bhopal Disaster
A site in Greece. All three investigations (extensive survey, intensive survey, and excavation) gathered different results and interpretations
What is Prygouthi
Stage of CRM where you conduct a property survey, which may include test pitting. It also includes identification of archaeological heritage, and strategic planning for further development and/or mitigation.
What is Stage 2
This represents early attempts at community-based archaeology that often focused on seeking consent from local communities and groups to conduct archaeological work in a specific area.
Consultive Archaeology
This technique uses an electromagnetic pulse where any resistance sends the pulse back, indicating an anomaly. It usually requires clear terrain without obstacles to be most effective.
Ground Penetrating Radar
Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Project. This was an archaeological project undertaken on the International Space Station to document how material culture assemblage transformed daily within a 1x1 m square on the ISS.
What is SQuARE
Located in South Africa. This site used community-based archaeology, and was one of the first excavations to do so. This was made even more significant due to it taking place post-Apartheid.
What is Thulamela
Stage of CRM where a large-scale excavation is conducted and plans are made and/or implemented for long-term protection and conservation
What is Stage 4
A concept promoted by museums in Europe and the United States that heritage belongs to humanity and should be able to be displayed anywhere. This was a critique of increasing requests for repatriation.
Universal Museum
Technique that uses electric probes inserted into the ground at intervals. Anomalies have higher or lower resistance to electric current than surrounding soil. This technique is not as effective in dry, rocky soil.
Electrical Resistivity
A law passed in 301 CE that set the maximum price that could be charged for particular goods. It demonstrates that many of the most important products (e.g., textiles) are not well represented in the archaeological record.
What is Diocletian’s Price Edict