Tree Selection
The ability for a tree to withstand low temperatures and winter stress in a given site
Hardiness
Bare-rooted trees are normally planted when trees are_________
Dorminant
Bark that becomes enclosed inside the attachment as the two branches grow and develop
Included Bark
The installation of a cable between a tree and an external anchor to provide supplemental support and reduce tree movement
Guying
Abnormal, enlarged plant structure, often insect or mite induced
Gall
The gradual process by which a tree adapts to changes in its environment
Acclimation
Trees are generally found available from the nursery in one of 4 forms
Bare root, containerized, container-grown and balled and burlapped
The swollen area at the base of a branch where it arises from the trunk
Branch Collar
Rigid structures mounted or built on the ground to support a branch or trunk
Props
Natural chemical inhibition of growth
Allelopathy
The primary climatic factor that determines hardiness zones
Low Temperature Extremes
What type of roots can become a problem because they can constrict the vascular system of the trunk or other roots?
Girdling
This type of cut removes the smaller of two branches at a union with the parent stem
Branch Removal
To install a cable directly across a branch union, install it perpendicular to ___
An imaginary line that bisects the union
Localized dead tissue, often shrunken and discolored
Canker
Trees acclimate to shade conditions by
Developing larger, thinner leaves
The most important reason to prune a tree when transplanting is?
To remove damaged branched and improve structure
This type of cut removes the larger of two or more branches, stems, or codominant stems to a live lateral branch or stem.
Reduction Cut
The purpose of a lightning protection system
To conduct the electrical charge into the soil away from the tree
Causal agent of disease
Pathogen
Three plant characteristics that make them aesthetically desirable
Flowers, fall color, exfoliating bark
When planting palms it is very important to protect the solitary what?
Terminal Bud
When pruning a branch from a tree this is where the final cut should be
Just outside the branch collar
Extra high strength cable should be attached to hardware using this
Dead-end grips
May predispose a plant to other problems
Stress