Archeology
Name at least 4 branches of archeology.
classical archaeology, egyptology, medieval archaeology,industrial archaeology, prehistoric archaeology, paleontology, etc.
Define the paleolithic period.
Old Stone Age
prehistoric past
C. 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 B.C.
Early humans shared the Earth with Neanderthals, lived in caves and were hunters and gatherers.
John Lubbock coined the word in his book Pre-historic Times (1865).
What is a cylinder seal?
Cylinder seals were often intricately carved with images of gods, animals, and scenes from daily life.
Date: ca. 2600–2350 BCE
Geography: Mesopotamia
Culture: Sumerian
What is a relief?
Relief sculptures were created by carving images into flat surfaces. They often depicted scenes from daily life (hunting and farming), and religious and mythological scenes. They are notable for their attention to intricate detail in clothing and hair, and use of narrative storytelling.
Used in Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome.
Define the word "archeology"
The word comes from the Greek archaia (“ancient things”) and logos (“theory” or “science”). It is the scientific study of the material remains of past human life and activities.
Who was Heinrich Schliemann?
He investigated the origins of Greek civilization at Troy and Mycenae in the 1870s.
Bronze age
Bronze Age (3000-1000 BCE)
Cultures were either using, producing, or trading bronze. Several cultures flourished around the Aegean Sea during this period, such the Minoan civilization on Crete, the Mycenaean civilization on mainland Greece.
Using this obect, archaeologists and linguists were able to translate and decipher hieroglyphs.
The Rosetta Stone.
Corinthian columns
Corinthian columns were used in ancient Greece. They are usually slimmer and taller than Ionic or Doric columns, stand on a base and have a richly decorated capital, usually with sculpted flower and leaf decoration. It also had vertical fluted carving.
Taxonomy
is the description and classification of objects.
Who was Howard Carter?
The most spectacular discovery in Egyptian archaeology, the tomb of Tutankhamen in 1922, was his feat.
Composite view
A pose that combines two or more viewpoints in a single representation, prevalent in Egyptian art
Lascaux
A cave discovered in France in 1940 with actual works of sculpture and cave paintings from the Upper (later) Paleolithic Period (c. 30,000–c. 10,000 BCE).
Archaic smile
A Hellenistic feature, it was used to show liveliness and vitality. Often used on kouros.
Iconography
The study and analysis of visual components of art.
Who was Jean-François Champollion?
He was able to decipher ancient Egyptian writing for the first time in 1822, using the Rosetta Stone.
Byzantine art
Refers to eastern Mediterranean art from 330 CE, when Constantinople moved the seat of the Roman empire to Byzantium (later called Constantinople, and then Istanbul), until the city’s fall to Turks in 1453.
Laocoon and his sons
This statue group was found in 1506 in Rome and identified as a masterpiece of the sculptors of Rhodes. The story is that during the Trojan War, Laocoön, a priest of Apollo in the city of Troy, warned his fellow Trojans against taking in the wooden horse left by the Greeks outside the city gates. Athena and Poseidon, who were favouring the Greeks, sent two great sea-serpents which have wrapped their coils around Laocoön and his two sons and are killing them. From the Roman point of view, the death of these innocents was crucial to the decision of Aeneas, who heeded Laocoön's warning, to flee Troy, and this led to the eventual founding of Rome.
Pagoda
Ancient Chinese building, based on Indian design. Many examples can be seen in the Forbidden City in Peking.
Parchment
Material to write on, it was made with lamb, goat or calf skin.
What is the dating of trees by counting their growth rings, as developed for archaeological purposes by A.E. Douglass, called?
Dendrochronology
Knossos
The famous Bronze Age architectural site of a Minoan palace on the island of Crete.
Colosseum
Emperor Titus opened the Colosseum, the largest amphitheater ever, officially known as the Flavian Amphitheate, in 80 CE with 100 days of games, including gladiatorial combats and wild animal fights. Inside, the Colosseum had seating for more than 50,000 spectators. Two-thirds of the original Colosseum has been destroyed over time.
Oculus
An oculus (from Latin oculus 'eye') is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall.Open to the weather, it allows rain and air to enter and fall to the floor, where it is carried away through drains. Though the opening of the Pantheon in Rome looks small, it actually has a diameter of 8.7 m (29 feet), allowing it to light the building.
Hieratic scale
Hieratic scale is scale based on relative importance. That is, the more important a figure, the larger he or she is in relation to the figures around him or her.