Definitions
This type of respiratory failure is defined by a PaO₂ less than 60.
What is hypoxemic respiratory failure?
COPD, hemothorax, pneumonia, and cystic fibrosis are examples of this problem.
What is ventilatory respiratory failure?
The movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood.
What is diffusion?
Normal PaO₂ range.
What is 80–100 mmHg?
BiPAP and CPAP are forms of this.
What is non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)?
This type of failure involves CO₂ retention with PaCO₂ above 48 and pH below 7.35.
What is hypercapnic (ventilatory) respiratory failure?
Overdose, chest trauma, burns (eschar), and pneumothorax are an example of this.
What is hypoxemic respiratory failure?
The movement of blood from the lungs to the peripheral tissues.
What is perfusion?
pH below 7.35 indicates this.
What is acidosis?
If non-invasive support fails, you prepare for this.
What is intubation/mechanical ventilation?
The major overall problem in respiratory failure.
What is inadequate gas exchange?
Damage to this structure makes it permeable in ARDS.
What is the alveolar-capillary membrane?
A mismatch between air reaching alveoli and blood flow in capillaries.
What is V/Q mismatch?
If CO₂ and pH move in opposite directions, the problem is respiratory or metabolic?
What is respiratory?
Name one method to mobilize secretions.
What is coughing / hydration / humidification / chest physiotherapy / suctioning?
Fast heart rate and fast respiratory rate are early signs of this.
What is hypoxia?
In ARDS, widespread inflammation triggers release of cytokines that damage this barrier, leading to capillary leak, alveolar flooding, decreased surfactant, and severe impairment in diffusion.
What is the alveolar-capillary membrane?
Two main processes required for normal respiration.
What are ventilation and perfusion?
High CO₂ will make the blood more acidic or alkaline?
What is acidic?
Turning the patient to this position can improve oxygenation in ARDS.
What is prone position?
A clinical state in which the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas-exchange functions, defined by inadequate oxygenation, inadequate ventilation, or both.
What is acute respiratory failure?
Loss of these cells in ARDS reduces production of a substance that normally prevents alveolar collapse.
What are Type II alveolar cells?
Damage to this structure makes diffusion difficult in ARDS.
What is the alveolar-capillary membrane?
The FIRST value you check when reading ABGs.
What is pH?
These drugs reduce airway inflammation.
What are corticosteroids?