Causes
This is the primary cause of ARDS.
What is sepsis?
This is the mortality rate for ARDS.
What is 30-40%?
This is the time it takes for an ARDS patient to return to normal activities.
What is months to years?
These are direct causes of ARDS.
What are PNA, pulm contusion, aspiration, fat emboli, near drowning, and inhalation injury?
This is the pH goal for a patient with ARDS.
What is 7.30-7.45?
According to the Berlin definition, a patient with a P/F ratio <300 on PEEP > 5 has this level of ARDS.
What is mild?
Most treatment for ARDS is considered this type of treatment.
What is supportive? (treat early to help prevent progression and lessen side effects of treatment)
This is the timeframe of the proliferative stage.
What is 7-14 days?
This is the interpretation of the CXR with early/mild stages of ARDS.
What is normal?
This condition presents the similarly to ARDS.
What is cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
These are indirect causes of ARDS.
What are sepsis, severe trauma, multiple transfusions, drug OD, pancreatitis, and DIC?
This is the focus of management of ARDS.
What is alveolar recruitment?
This is considered moderate ARDS according to the Berlin definition.
What is P/F <200 with Peep >5?
This is the result of loss of surfactant.
What is atelectasis?
These are the three key findings that should always be evaluated.
What are timing of the injury, P/F ratio, and CXR?
Diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar hemorrhage, destroyed Type 1 pneumocytes, and decreased surfactant describe this stage of ARDS.
What is the exudative stage?
This is the P/F ratio associated with severe ARDS according to the Berlin definition.
What <100 with PEEP > 5?
A patient with ARDS has an increased need for ____.
What is O2?
Hypoxemia and hypercarbia cause this change to the pulmonary vasculature.
What is vasoconstriction?
This is the target PaO2 with ARDS.
What is 55-80 mmHg?
These are risk factors for developing ARDS.
What are increased age, alcoholism, and any of the direct or indirect causes?
These are the two primary physiologic changes that occur as a result of ARDS.
What are increased capillary permeability and inflammation?
This describes the fibrotic stage of ARDS.
What is collagen formation and hylanization of alveolar walls?
A CXR with major opacification (complete white-out) is seen with this stage of ARDS.
What is severe ARDS?
An x-ray with bilateral patchy infiltrates in the lower lobes is this level of severity.
What is moderate?