Parts of an Argument
What is a claim?
The argument itself, the point you are trying to prove to the opposition.
Define claim of fact/definition
These claims argue about what the definition of something is or whether something is a settled fact.
The goal of argumentative writing is _________
to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's.
"If you were a true American you would support the rights of people to choose whatever vehicle they want" is an example of what fallacy?
What is a thesis and where is it typically located?
Main point of the essay, typically located at the end of the intro paragraph
How might you prove credibility or reliability of a source within your essay?
By stating their title, education or experience, possibly within a signal phrase
"The popularity of SUV's in America has caused pollution to increase" is an example of what type of claim?
cause and effect
Define Ethos
The ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the author.
What is genetic fallacy?
This conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth
Drug use is detrimental to society...give 4 reasons why this is not an effective argument claim.
What drugs? What society? How is it detrimental? What age group, race, economic status?
What is a warrant?
Explanation of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim.
"Instead of drilling for oil in Alaska we should be focusing on ways to reduce oil consumption, such as researching renewable energy sources" is an example of what type of claim?
solution/policy
_______ is the emotional appeal, claims that persuade by appealing to the reader's emotions
Pathos
This example is an example of what fallacy?
I drank bottled water and now I am sick, so the water must have made me sick.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Give an example and brief definition of moral equivalence.
This fallacy compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities, suggesting that both are equally immoral.
A successful argument not only proves a point but recognizes the _______________ to prevent bias.
counterclaim/opposition
Briefly define claim of value
These are claims made of what something is worth, whether we value it or not, how we would rate or categorize something
_______ is the means persuading by the use of reasoning.
Logos
"George Bush is a good communicator because he speaks effectively" is an example of what fallacy?
circular argument
An effective argument must be debatable. What does debatable mean?
In other words, the thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on
After recognizing the opposition, your last chance to prove your final claim is within the___________.
Rebuttal
How many types of claims can or should be used in a successful argument?
Any and all may be combined as long as the argument is sound and proven with sources.
What tool is most effective with the appeal of pathos in academic writing?
emotional language
The fallacy of ______________ is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them.
red herring
What is the definition of logical fallacy?
Fallacies are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim.