Argumentation Basics
A text that presents a claim or position and includes reasons or evidence to support it.
an argument
This part of an argument is 'relevant facts, data, quotes, or examples from credible sources
evidence
A question asked without expecting an answer; used to engage readers
a rhetorical question
An appeal that 'invokes emotion' and uses meaningful language or emotional stories
pathos
'Is this a joke?' — identify the device used.
rhetorical question
The final paragraph that restates the claim and explains broader significance.
conclusion
This is a 'clear, specific statement that answers the question or takes a position
a claim
Repeating the same word or phrase for emphasis
repetition
An appeal focused on 'establishing credibility'—use appropriate language and introduce expertise
ethos
Repeating the same word or phrase' appears twice in a text example—identify the device
Repetition
A summary of an opposing viewpoint included in an argument
counterclaim
Says, Means, Matters, Proves' is used to strengthen this component
reasoning
An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally (e.g., 'I have a mountain of homework)
hyperbole
An appeal that uses facts, historical analogies, and logical argument construction
logos
I have a mountain of homework.' Identify the device
hyperbole
A response to the counterclaim that explains why it is less convincing
rebuttal
When adding this, you acknowledge an opposing view before responding
a counterclaim
The use of words or phrases that have a similar structure or form (creates balance and rhythm)
parallelism
Choose the appeal: A speaker shares a powerful personal story to inspire sympathy
pathos
Having a pet means having a lot of responsibility.' Identify the device.
parallelism
The explanation that links evidence to the claim using 'Says, Means, Matters, Proves.
reasoning
This part should directly support the claim and come from credible sources
relevant evidence
A technique writers use to make writing more appealing, memorable, or interesting; umbrella term for devices like hyperbole and parallelism
rhetorical devices
Choose the appeal: A writer cites peer-reviewed studies and statistical data to support a claim
logos
Identify whether the following example demonstrates ethos, pathos, or logos: 'Using correct grammar and introducing your expertise to persuade readers
ethos