Biography
Aristotle is credited with inventing many fields. Some even credit him as the first official scientist in history due to his emphasis on empiricism. Biology and even meteorology are to his credit, but he is remarkably the founder of this formal study of reasoning and arguments on top of all this.
What is logic?
Aristotle's answer to the One and the Many says that everything has this yet is Many because different things have different actual and/or potentials of this.
What is Being?
Aristotle thought that this uncaused cause ultimately caused everything else, including the universe itself, to exist.
What is God?
The study of the basic use of words.
What is grammar?
According to Aristotle, this is what "makes something alive" and is also the form of a living thing.
What is the soul?
Aristotle tutored this royal son who would later go on to conquer the Persian Empire and, as a consequence, spread Greek philosophy throughout the known world.
Who is Alexander the Great?
This Aristotelian idea holds that physical things are made of both form and matter simultaneously.
What is Hylomorphism?
What a thing is made out of.
What is Material Cause?
Aristotle believed that humans are set apart from these beings due to our rationality and our ability to reason.
What are animals (or beasts)?
"That which exists in itself" or "by itself"
What is Substance?
Aristotle was from this small town in northern Greece before eventually becoming a student in Plato's Academy for about 20 years.
What is Stagira?
To contradict both Plato and especially Parmenides, Aristotle thought that change was in fact possible and not a mere illusion because being could be divided into these two things.
What is Actuality and Potentiality?
What a thing is made for or what purpose does it serve?
What is Final Cause?
A sensible thing that refers to a concept. Natural ones resemble the concept they point to in some way, unlike conventional ones that are only agreed upon by convention.
What is a symbol?
"That which exists in another"
What is Accident?
The Aristotelian School of philosophy follows Aristotelianism and its followers are known as Aristotelians. If you get tired of saying "Aristotelian", you can also call the school by an alternative name which comes from the Greek word for "walking".
What is the Peripatetic School?
According to Aristotle, Mental Being is what exists inside the mind while this form of Being exists outside of the mind.
What is Real Being?
Who or what made a thing?
What is Efficient Cause (or Agent Cause?)
According to Aristotle, humans have sensory perception, much like animals can have. Notably, humans have this other form of perception that is immaterial and helps us gain actual understanding of something, which can exist in the mind as a concept.
What is intellectual perception?
While common accidents describe non-essential attributes (such as having brown hair), These types of accidents are essential attributes of a substance (such as "being unmarried" to truly describe a bachelor).
What are proper accidents?
Aristotle opened this school of philosophy in a garden/gymnasium right outside the city of Athens that was named the god of learning (which is based on an alternative name of "Apollo").
What is the Lyceum?
Plato thought that ideas of things were more real than those things themselves and was therefore an idealist. This is in contrast to the view that things are more real than the ideas about them, which is one way Aristotle differed from his teacher.
What is realism?
How a thing is structured/organized/ordered
What is Formal Cause?
These type of words do not symbolize something from the 10 categories of Being but help in doing so when connected to other types of words. Examples include articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and linking verbs.
What are syncategorematic words?
This central teaching of the Catholic Church uses Aristotelian terminology to describe exactly what happens during the consecration, which makes it possible for the host to in fact be the body and blood of Christ without seeing any visible changes (for the most part!)
What is transubstantiation?