Native Arkansans
Exploring Arkansas
AR History 1
AR Geo 1
AR Geo 2
100
Primarily living Missouri near the Missouri and Osage River, this group of Native Arkansans fought with the other two main Native groups controlling Arkansas over hunting land.
The Osage
Their strength and skills made them good warriors
Society separated into two distinct groups: The Sky People and the Earth People
100
What was the first permanent french settlement in Arkansas?
Arkansas Post
100
How many total "Arkansas Posts" were there throughout Arkansas History?
4
100
_________, in the Arkansas Ozarks, is considered one of the most beautiful rivers in the United States. In 1972, Congress declared it the first national river. Over centuries, the river has carved deep canyons through layers of limestone.
The Buffalo River
100
This waterway makes the border of eastern Arkansas flowing 2,300 miles from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico.
Mississippi River
200
The French settlers and hunters at Arkansas Post were also targeted by raids from which two groups of Native Americans?
Osage and Chickasaws
200
Who was the first European explorer to cross the Mississippi River into Arkansas and country were they from?
Hernando de Soto, Spain
200
How was society organized under the Quapaw tribes?
The family was the basic unit of Quapaw social organization. Groups of families related through the males were joined into clans. Clans were named for animals, heavenly bodies, or natural phenomena like thunder.
200
One of the most important waterways in Arkansas, this river begins in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and flows into the Mississippi River in Arkansas.
The Arkansas River
200
The most common type of rock in Arkansas is called ____________.
sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rock makes up 99% of all rock in Arkansas
This type of rock is made of layers of natural materials called sediment that have been pressed and cemented together over time.
300
Mound builders who lived in Arkansas near the end of the Woodland Period.
The Plum Bayou Culture
Built 18 mounds (only 2 survive today) near Scott, Arkansas
Traded with people as far away as Florida
Stargazers or astronomers (mounds originally thought to be Aztec)
300
French Explorer who traveled down the Mississippi River and found where it emptied into the Gulf of Mexico. He then returned to France to promote colonisation and returned with over 200 others willing to join. After shipwrecking off the coast of Texas and failing to find the mouth of the Mississippi again, he was killed in a mutiny by his men.
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
300
True or False: Arkansas Post was a strong and thriving farming community for most of its history.
False, due to continuous droughts and flooding, the land was considered inhospitable to farming. This coupled with the fact that it was hard to find and navigate to kept the Post from ever being the economic epicenter France had hoped.
300
This region of Arkansas covers a large portion of land in the northwestern area of Arkansas. Here the steep limestone mountains are mostly plateaus, which are mountains flattened by wind and water erosion over many centuries.
The Ozark Mountain region
This region is considered a very wealthy area of the state due to major companies being founded and headquartered here, such as Walmart, Tyson, and J.B. Hunt.
Major cities in this region: Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, and Rogers.
300
This region of Arkansas, also known as the Delta, makes up most of the Eastern part of the state.
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain
It was created by flooding rivers leaving behind mud, clay, sand, and nutrient-rich soil, which has caused it to be used as the primary landmass used for farming in Arkansas
Major cities in this region: Stuttgart, Blytheville, Lonoke, and Dumas.
400
Meaning "downstream people", this group of Native American lived in the Delta region and controlled the eastern portion of Arkansas.
The Quapaw
Friendly and peaceful who traded with the Spanish and the French
Lived villages centered around a main plaza area, sleeping in longhouses with multiple families to a single one at times.
400
This French explorer was the one who founded Arkansas Post.
Henri de Tonti
400
How was society organized under the Osage tribe?
Osage communities were organized into two divisions called the Sky People and the Earth People. According to their traditions, the Sky People were sent down to the surface of the earth where they met the Earth People, whom they joined to form the Osage tribe.
Each division consisted of family groups related through the males, called clans, that organized social events and performed rituals for special occasions.
Each clan had its own location in the village camping circle and appointed representatives to village councils which advised the two village leaders - one representing each tribal division.
400
This region of Arkansas stretches across much of southern part of the state and is full of several beautiful rivers like the Red, the Ouachita, and the Saline. Bayou Bartholomew is also part of the region.
Major cities in the region: Texarkana, Monticello, Hope, and Arkadelphia.
400
This region of Arkansas lies in the southwest area of the state. The valleys of ________ are wide open enough to support farming and raising livestock.
Tourism is a major economic gain for this area due to the beautiful lakes and mountains.
The Ouachita Mountains
Major cities in the region: Hot Springs, Lake DeGray, Lake Hamilton, and Lake Ouachita.
500
First discovered by the Spanish when they entered southwest Arkansas, this Native American group were renowned bowmakers of their time.
The Caddo
Excellent farmers of corn, beans, squashes, watermelons, pumpkins, tobacco, and sunflowers.
Friendly people who traded with other tribes and Europeans
500
Two french explorers Catholic Priest _______ and a fur trapper named __________ are going to travel down the Mississippi River to explore. They will not reach the Gulf of Mexico , but feel confident there's enough evidence that the Mississippi continues south into the Gulf.
Catholic Priest: Jacques Marquette
Fur trapper: Louis Joliet
500
This epicenter of seismic activity runs for 150 miles through Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and into Arkansas.
The New Madrid Fault Zone
This active fault poses the highest risk for earthquakes in the eastern part of the United States.
Seismologists believe there’s a 90 percent chance another large earthquake will occur along the New Madrid fault line by 2040.
500
This region of Arkansas is the smallest and most distinct geographic region, located near Arkansas’s eastern border
Crowley's Ridge
Scientists don’t know for certain how the ridge was formed, but the most popular theory is that the ridge was once and island between the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. When the rivers changed course millions of years ago, the narrow, hilly ridge remained to rise above the flat expanse of the Delta.
Major cities in the region: Jonesboro, Helena, Forrest City, and Wynne.
500
Please list a few of the most notable natural resources of Arkansas.
Oil
Coal
Bauxite
Diamonds
Limestone
Quartz