Anatomy
ABC
Signs and Symptoms
Cranial Nerves
Testing
100

This is the opening of the skull that allows the passage of the spinal cord as well as nerves and blood vessels. 

What is the foramen magnum?

100

This is the maneuver to open an airway in a suspected spinal injury.

What is the jaw thrust?

100
A casualty displaying vacant stare, slurred or incoherent speech, and inability to memorize and recall is showing signs of what?

What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

100

This is the number of cranial nerves there are in a human body.

What are 12?

Will only accept 13 if they can explain cranial nerve 0/ terminal nerve.

100

This is the common test that most medics use to screen for concussions or TBI.

What is the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE)?

200

These are the most posterior bones that sit on the same horizontal plane as the eyes.

What are the occipital bones?


200

This is the minimum oxygen saturation to maintain for a suspected TBI.

What is 90%?

Will also accept  >90%

200

This is the common term for periorbital ecchymosis, often indicating a basilar skull fracture.

What are raccoon eyes?

200

This cranial nerve you can test using the Snellen Chart.

What is the optic nerve (II)?

200

The MACE screens for concussions and brain injuries over 4 sections. Concussion screening, neurological exam, symptom screening, and this.

What is Cognitive Exam?

300

This lobe of the brain controls important cognitive skills including emotional expression, language, problem solving, and judgement.

What is the frontal lobe?

300

If the patient is showing signs of increased intracranial pressure, this is the rate of breaths per minute you should deliver.

What is 20 breaths per minute?

300

Red flags for suspected TBI include seizures, repeated vomiting, inability to recognize people, and unequal pupils. These signs will lead you to take this action.

What is refer to Medical Officer (MO) and/or transport.

300

Injury to this cranial nerve is most often seen as swaying while walking, or tinnitus.

What is the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?

300

In the new MACE2, there is an added section to test vestibular/ocular-motor screening (VOMS). In this section you are to test 2 variations of saccades, these are those variations.

What are horizontal and vertical? 

 

400

This is the innermost delicate layer of the meninges.

What is the pia mater?

400

This type of wound to the head is the only time a pressure dressing is indicated.

What is a complex scalp wound?

400

These postures, which receive a 3 and 2 on the Glascow Coma Scale respectively, are signs of a severe brain injury.

What is decorticate and decerebrate?

400

This cranial nerve may be injured if the patient was hit over their frontal bone. They may be thankful they can't smell after this!

What is the olfactory nerve (I)?

400

The MACE lists of numbers and words are to test this cognitive function.

What is recall?

500

This controls vital body functions such as cardio-respiratory function.

What is the brainstem?

500

These type of respirations are indicative of increasing intracranial pressure.

What are Cheyne-Stokes?


500

Anything above this size difference in pupils is considered abnormal. 

What is 1.0 mm?

500

This cranial nerve innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

What is the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?

500

This reflex is the only superficial reflex that is commonly tested in unconscious patients. It stimulates the sole of the foot, and extension of the big toe (Babinksi's sign) is considered abnormal unless your patient is under 2 years.

What is plantar reflex?