Plant Cells
This green organelle converts sunlight into chemical energy.
What is the chloroplast?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
"This network of membranes is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, differing as 'rough' with ribosomes and 'smooth' without ribosomes."
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Composed of a lipid bilayer embedded with enzymes, this organelle consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs, with smooth regions responsible for lipid synthesis and rough areas studded with ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
This energy-related process in mitochondria converts glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
What is cellular respiration?
This rigid outer layer protects the cell and maintains its shape.
What is the cell wall?
These small structures are the site of protein synthesis, found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What are ribosomes?
"This organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and is sometimes free-floating or attached to the rough ER."
What is the ribosome?
A non-membranous nuclear subdomain, this organelle assembles ribosomal RNA with proteins to produce the subunits of ribosomes, ultimately facilitating translation in the cytoplasm.
What is Nuclear Function
This organelle captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy via photosynthesis.
What is the chloroplast?
This large, central fluid-filled sac stores water and creates turgor pressure.
What is the central vacuole?
These tiny structures help in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris in animal cells.
What are lysosomes?
During anaerobic fermentation in muscles, pyruvate is converted into this substance, leading to temporary muscle soreness
What is lactic acid (or lactate)?
This organelle is known as the "control center" of the cell, containing DNA and directing cell activities.
What is the nucleus?
This organelle is termed the “powerhouse of the cell” because it converts nutrients into a usable energy currency through cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondrion?
This membrane-bound network modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
This selectively permeable structure controls what enters and exits an animal cell.
What is the cell membrane (plasma membrane)?
"These hair-like projections are often numerous and beat rhythmically to move fluid over cell surfaces."
What are cilia?
"This jelly-like substance fills the cell and supports organelles, allowing chemical reactions to occur within it."
What is the cytoplasm (or cytosol)?
These organelles store lipids and release energy when the cell demands fuel.
What are lipid droplets?
These specialized peroxisomes convert stored fatty acids into sugars in germinating seeds.
What are glyoxysomes?
"This fluid-filled organelle can occupy up to 90% of plant cells, but in animal cells it remains small, helping regulate osmotic balance and store ions or metabolites."
What is a vacuole?
The mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently within a cell; this process is known as this.
What is binary fission?
This organelle contains ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis, playing a critical role in the production of enzymes and structural proteins.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Often called the “post office” of the cell, this organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery inside or outside the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?