Definitions
Define Tondo
A round shaped painting
A method of painting in which pigments suspended in water are applied to wet plaster and is absorbed to become part of the wall
What innovations did Giotto introduce to painting during the Gothic period that sparked artists in the Renaissance? (2)
Giotto introduced expression, symbolism, and true forms to painting.
Define what it was to be an ideal 'Renaissance Man", provide an example of one. (3)
Someone who is a genius in many fields such as arts, sciences, math, anatomy, geography, ect...
Example: Leonardo Da Vinci, genius in aerodynamics, engineering, art, ect..
Why sis painters begin to use oils? (3)
Were able to create richer colours and achieve details that made their paintings more realistic than before. Also they were able to leave it for long periods of time, coming backing to add to it later.
Define Realism
An art style based on the belief that the subject matter should be true to life, without stylization or idealization
Define Polyptych
An altarpiece or panel consisting of more than 3 panels joined together
Which cultures influenced sculptures such as Donatello's David? (1)
Classical Greek
As a teenager, where did Michelangelo study sculpture? (1)
Lorenzo De Medici's school for sculptors
Explain 3 symbols used by Van Eyck during the Northern renaissance. (3)
The cross= symbol indicated standing on holy ground
Peaches= symbolized fertility
Raised hand & little dog= symbolizes fidelity
Define Genre
A work of art that is usually a depiction of everyday life, created for its own sake, refers to the common and ordinary
Define Foreshortening
A method of applying perspective to an object or figure so that it seems to recede in space (3-D)
How did Brunelleschi manage to make his dome? (2)
-Basing his design on ancient Roman buildings (Pantheon)
-Used double shell dome support with a herring-bone brick system
Name 3 fields of knowledge, other than painting, that Leonardo was an expert. (3)
Engineering, aerodynamics, and military services
Botany, anatomy, geology
Symbols have always been important artist device in the North, describe 4 symbols and their meaning in painting. (4)
Oranges=wealth
Shoes off=Presence of God
Dog=Fidelity
Mirror=Zodiac (all year)
Define Symbol
A form, an image, sign or subject representing a meaning other than its outward appearance
Define Cupola
A rounded convex roof on a circular base; a dome of small size
Describe Titian's unique painting style. (3)
He started the painterly technique where colour and mood was more important than line, and brushstrokes were evident in his work. He also used colour background and many layers of paint to create a glowing effect (glazing).
Leonardo is considered one of the greatest painters that ever lived, describe two innovations Leonardo brought to the world of painting. (2)
Chiaroscuro- extreme contrasts of light and dark
Sfumato- the slight blurring of edges of figures and objects to create a hazy feeling + aerial perspective
What unique and unusual painting subject matter was practiced in the Low Countries? (1)
Everyday life and caricatures
Define Sfumato
"smoky", a slight blurring of edges or figures and objects in a painting, creating a hazy feeling + aerial perspective
Define Painterly
A painting technique in which forms are depicted as patches of colour, rather than precise edges, leaving visual brush strokes
Compare the North with the Italian Renaissance, considering painting techniques, artistic medium, subject matter, and elements stressed. (6)
In a direct chart, compare oil vs fresco as a painting medium. (4)
Oils: dries over a long period of time, bright, illuminated colours, pigments grinded in vegetable oil, dry brush hard to do
Fresco: dries in about an hour, paler, washed out pastels, pigments grinded in water, dry brush can be done
How did Brugel create depth in Return of the Hunters?(2)
Birds flying in the intervening space and the trees marching down the hill help unite the foreground with the middle distance