Introduction
According to Achievement Goal Theory (AGT), these are the two distinct orientations used to define success and measure competency.
What are ego and mastery orientations?
The final sample size of the study consisted of this many young athletes after excluding those coached by their own parents.
What is 543?
Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized structure of the PPSSS, which features this many factors.
What are two (ego and mastery)?
To focus on parents' standards, each PPSSS item began with this phrase...
What is "When I play sports, it is most important TO MY PARENTS that..."?
This orientation characterizes success as tel-references, involving task mastery and personal improvement rather than social comparison.
What is mastery orientatation (or mastery climate)?
The new Perceived Parent Success Standards Scale (PPSSS) was adapted from this well established 1998 questionnaire.
What is the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ)?
Mastery scores for both parents and coaches were found to be positively related to these two specific athlete outcomes.
What are self-esteem and mastery achievement goal orientation?
To show that PPSSS items go well together, the researchers reported this reliability coefficient at .84 for mastery and .86 for ego standards.
What is Cronbach's a?
Starting at approximately this age, children begin to understand the concept of competitive ability, making it a critical period for forming motivational styles.
What is age 9?
To measure trait performance anxiety, the researchers used the SAS-2, which assesses these three specific dimensions: somatic anxiety, worry and this.
What is concentration disruption?
Analyses revealed that these variables actually mediated the relationship between coach-initiated climate and all athlete outcome variables.
What are parental success standards?
Evidence for this type of validity came from the finding that parent mastery and ego standards showed the expected positive and negative correlations with athletes’ own mastery/ego goals, self-esteem, and anxiety.
What is convergent validity?