Governing Before & During the War
$100: A loose association or league of states is called what?
confederation
$100: What was the new plan of government drafted in 1777 called?
The Articles of Confederation
$100: What must each state do before the Articles could become law?
Ratify them
$100: The Philadelphia Convention would settle what major question?
What kind of government America should have
$100: What document listed the rights and freedoms of every citizen?
Bill of Rights
$200: What two groups were responsible for governing the colonies before and during the war?
The First and Second Continental Congress
$200: What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1785 do?
Divided land into six-mile-square townships.
$200: List two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Couldn’t enforce laws, levy taxes, regulate trade, or pay debts
$200: What was the original purpose of the Philadelphia Convention?
To revise the Articles of Confederation
$200: Explain the difference between a republic and a democracy.
Republic = elected officials & a constitution; Democracy = rule directly by the people.
$300: Who was primarily responsible for writing the Articles of Confederation?
John Dickinson
$300: What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provide?
A process for territories to become states
$300: What are charges on exported goods called?
tariffs
$300: List two reasons convention discussions were kept secret.
Freedom to speak/change minds without criticism.
Avoid pressures of special interest groups.
$300: Who wrote The Spirit of the Laws and what did he propose?
Montesquieu; three branches of government, balance of power.
$400: What does “ratify” mean?
formally approve
$400: How many states could Congress admit from the western lands?
No fewer than 3 and no more than 5
$400: What rebellion made the nation look weak under the Articles? Explain what caused the rebellion.
Shays’ Rebellion
Daniel Shays and other veteran farmers were not paid for their service in the Revolution. They led a revolt, and the government was powerless to punish them.
$400: This system was put in place in January 1789 to elect the president. Name the first President elected under this system.
Electoral College / George Washington
$400: Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why?
John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton; to persuade states to ratify the Constitution.
$500: List three powers the states agreed to cooperate on under the Articles.
Respect birth, marriage, and death certificates.
Return criminals/runaway slaves.
Settle disputes through arbitration.
$500: What was the source of income for the government under the Articles? What were some of the problems of their insufficient income?
The states (voluntary contributions)
Couldn't pay war debts (soldier salaries, other nations)
$500: What was the result of Congress’ insufficient income? Name three other weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Couldn’t pay war debts or government expenses.
Couldn't levy taxes, coin money, or regulate trade. Could not get Britain out of the NW Territory; Had to pay the right of deposit in New Orleans.
$500: What is the Bill of Rights?
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution; listing personal rights and freedoms.
$500: Who were the Anti-Federalists and what was their position?
Opposed ratifying the Constitution; feared too much power in federal government.
$400: Describe the process for a territory to become a state.
Congress-appointed governor/judges.
At 5,000 free males → legislature formed.
At 60,000 settlers → Constitution drawn & apply for statehood.
Congress approves.
$700: Explain the Virginia Plan vs. the New Jersey Plan, and the Connecticut Compromise. (12 points)