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Pharynx
Vocal Tract
Swallowing
Facial Muscles
Muscles of the Mandible
100
What structure serves as the origin and insertion for several of the pharyngeal constrictors?
Pharyngeal Raphe
100
What are the 3 pharyngeal cavities?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, larygopharynx
100
What are the four phases of swallowing?
● Oral Preparatory Phase, ● Oral Transport Phase, ● Pharyngeal Transport Phase, ● Esophageal Transport Phase
100
What is the name for the ring of muscle within the lips that forms a sphincter?
Orbicularis Oris
100
What is the joint that connects the mandible to the skull?
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
200
What muscle forms the anterior faucial pillars?
the palatoglossus
200
What does the velum consist of?
Soft palate and uvula
200
True or False - Breathing cannot occur during the Oral Preparatory Phase.
False - Breathing may still occur at this stage
200
What are the 3 types of facial muscles that are categorized according to their orientation relative to Orbicularis Oris?
● Angular muscles, ● Vertical muscles, and ● Transverse/Parallel muscles
200
What are the three movements of the mandible relative to the skull?
● Upward and Downward, ● Forward and Backward, ● Side to Side
300
What muscle forms the posterior faucial pillar?
Palatopharyngeus
300
What are the 3 biological functions of the tongue?
Taste, mastication (chewing) and deglutition (swallowing)
300
Which phase ends with the opening of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter?
Pharyngeal Transport Phase
300
What muscle of the face helps in protruding and everting the lower lip for drinking/pouting?
Mentalis
300
What two muscles form a sling around the angle of the mandible?
Masseter and Medial (Internal) Pterygoid
400
What is the function of the tensor palatini (palatal tensor) muscle?
Tensor Palatini functions to lower/flatten the velum, increase the tension of the palatal aponeurosis, and open the orifice of the eustachian tube
400
Which pharyngeal cavity contains the opening to the eustachian tube?
The lateral wall of the Nasopharynx contains the opening of the eustachian tube.
400
During which phase of the breathing cycle does swallowing typically occur?
Swallowing typically occurs during expiration. Expiration is temporarily suspended when the swallow occurs, and some individuals may inspire immediately following the swallow.
400
What is the function for the buccinator?
● Buccinator - pulls the corner of the mouth back and compresses the lips/cheeks against the lips.
400
What muscle is most responsible for pulling the mandible up and back?
Temporalis
500
What muscular action is needed to CLOSE the Velopharyngeal Port, and what muscle action is needed to OPEN the Velopharyngeal Port? What muscles, if any, are most important to performing these actions?
CLOSE - Can only be achieved through muscular forces. The levator palatini muscle is most responsible for opening the port. OPEN - Involves muscular forces as well as passive forces (recoil and gravity)
500
What are two ways that the tongue act as an articulator for speech?
It modifies the shape of the oral cavity, changing the resonance characteristics. It acts as a valve to inhibit or stop airflow (such as for stops or fricatives).
500
Give a brief summary of the four stages of swallowing.
Oral Preparatory Phase - food is prepared for swallowing. Oral Transport Phase - the tongue propels food posteriorly until the swallow reflex is triggered. Pharyngeal Transport Phase - reflexive swallow carries the bolus through the pharynx. Esophageal Transport Stage - peristalsis carries the bolus through the esophagus to the stomach.
500
What is the function of the Risorius?
Risorius - moves the corners of the mouth laterally for smiling.
500
Name the four depressor/protruder muscles of the mandible.
● Lateral (External) Pterygoid, ● Mylohyoid, ● Geniohyoid, ● Anterior Belly of the Digastric