Articulatory Phonetics - 7

Articulatory Tract

1

These control breath, the fundamental element of most speech sounds.

What are the lungs?

1

This type of speech sound is produced using air controlled by the lungs.

What are pulmonic sounds?

1

This organ contains the vocal folds.

What is the larynx?

1

These vibrate to give voice to the air from the lungs, and control pitch.

What are the vocal folds?

1

This term refers to the space of the throat above the larynx, behind the tongue.

What is the pharynx?

1

This term refers to the space inside of the mouth.

What is the oral cavity?

1

This term refers to the large cavity of the sinuses that air passes through on its way into and out of the nose.

What is the nasal cavity?

The Larynx

1

The ligaments on either end of the glottis.

What are the vocal folds?

1

The vocal folds and all the space between them.

What is the glottis?

1

The term referring to the opening of the vocal folds.

What is abduction?

1

The term referring to the closing of the vocal folds.

What is adduction?

1

The flag of cartilage that opens and closes the opening to the glottis, allowing airflow or blocking passage by food or drink.

What is the epiglottis?

1

The vocal folds are in this state when they are loose (relatively drawn apart), vibrating at lower pitches during phonation.

What is abducted? (opened)

1

The vocal folds are in this state when they are stretched tight, resulting in higher pitches of phonation when they are vibrated.

What is adducted? (closed)

Articulators

1

Parts of the anatomy that are employed to produce (articulate) speech sounds.

What are articulators?

1

The articulator labeled as (d) on the diagram.

What are the lips?

1

The articulator labeled as (c) on the diagram.

What are the teeth?

1

The articulator labeled as (i) on the diagram.

What is the velum?

1

The articulator whose tip is labeled (b) on the diagram.

What is the tongue?

1

The articulator labeled (e) on the diagram.

What is the alveolar ridge?

1

The articulator labeled (p) on the diagram.

What is the glottis?

Source-Filter Model

1

In the source-filter model, how the sound source is powered.

What is the power? - In speech, usually the lungs.

1

In the source-filter model, where the sound is produced.

What is the source? - In speech, usually the vocal folds.

1

In the source-filter model, what changes the properties of the sound from the source.

What is the filter? - In speech, the pharynx along with the oral and sometimes the nasal cavity.

1

A complex consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative.

What is an affricate?

Manners of Articulation

1

Airflow is completely blocked in the vocal tract for a moment, and then completely released

What is a stop or plosive?

1

Articulators come near each other, but not enough to cause turbulence in airflow

What is an approximant?

1

Airstream is stopped from exiting the oral cavity and instead redirected through the nasal cavity

What is a nasal?

1

A very brief contact of one articulator against another

What is a tap or flap?

1

A consonant produced by rapidly vibrating one articulator against another.

What is a trill?

1

An approximant or fricative in which airflow is directed around the sides of the tongue rather than over the top.

What is a lateral?

1

Articulators come close enough to nearly touch; airflow is limited to a thin, hiss-like, turbulent stream.

What is a fricative?

Whoa phonology? What?

1

a phonological process whereby a sound or sequence of sounds changes in order to make neighboring sounds more alike.

What is assimilation?

1

a phonological process whereby a sound or sequence of sounds changes in order to make neighboring sounds less alike.

What is dissimilation?

1

a phonological process in which a sound is inserted into a word.

What is epenthesis?

1

a sound change that occurs because of neighboring words or morphemes.

What is sandhi?

1

the phonological phenomenon in French in which word-final consonant sounds which would otherwise be silent are pronounced due to the next word beginning with a vowel.

What is liaison?

1

the phonological phenomenon in Mandarin in which when several words with the same tone occur in sequence, some of the tones change so as to avoid a sequence of several of the same tone in a row.

What is tone sandhi?