Prehistoric and Classical Astronomy
An Imaginary Sphere of heavenly objects that seems to center on the observer
Celestial Sphere
This astronomer investigated developed a sun-centered model of the universe in an attempt to provide more accurate data for the Roman Catholic Church. He also first proposed that the earth was tilted on its axis.
Copernicus
Galileo made many different observations through his telescope. The two observations that caused him to believe the planets orbited around the sun?
Jupiter's moons orbiting around Jupiter and Venus going through phases and getting larger and smaller
The ratio of of an objects mass to its volume
Density
The word that describes when the moon is at it's closest distance from the earth?
Perigee
An area of the sky containing a group of stars in a pattern
Constellation
This law states that each planet's path around the sun is an ellipse
Kepler's first law of planetary motion
Newton's first law of motion
An object in motion, or at rest, will stay in motion or at rest unless acted on by an outside force
How many layers does the earth have, and what are they called?
Three layers; the crust, the mantle and the core.
Describe the large impact theory in detail
Mars sized planet, core combined with earths core, less dense objects were ejected into space and formed the moon.
The apparent shifting of nearby objects with respect to distant ones as the position of the observer changes
Parallax
A geometric shape of which every point is the same total distance from two fixed points, or foci (focal points)
Ellipse
The law that states that F=MA
Newton's second law of motion
The gradual motion of the continents relative to one another
Continental Drift
Tides that occur when the difference between high and low tides is least, and the moon is at the first or third quarter.
Neap Tides
The apparent backward motion of planets as seen in the sky
Retrograde Motion
Kepler's second law of Planetary motion?
A planet moves faster along its path when it is closer to the Sun and more slowly when it is further away from the sun.
Newton's third law of motion, which is crucial in spaceflight?
Earth's atmosphere is made up on these gasses, in these proportions
What is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other elements (water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone)
The conical shifting of the axis of a rotating object, in relation to the earth's tilt, this shifting causes the earth to rotate through one wobble every 26,000 years
Precession
This astronomer used a geocentric model, perfect circles and epicycles to explain retrograde motion.
Ptolemy
There is a relationship between the length of time a planet takes to orbit the sun and its distance from the sun. The farther away the planet is from the sun, the longer it will take to complete its orbit, the greater distance it will travel to complete an orbit, and the slower the average speed will be.
Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion
Einstein's principle which states that the effects of acceleration are indistinguishable from gravitational effects (when accelerating, you cannot distinguish those acceleration forces from gravity.
Principle of equivalence
The sinking of denser materials toward the center of planets or other objects
Chemical Differentiation
Exceptionally high and low tides that occur at the time of the new moon or full moon, when the sun, moon and earth are approximately aligned
Spring Tides