FRANCIS
In the FRANCIS method, what does the “F” stand for
fit
What should be included in an in-text citation for a paraphrase?
(Author, year)
What’s the main difference between a primary and secondary source?
Primary = original data/event; Secondary = analysis of it.
What does the reporting verb “suggests” imply about the author’s stance?
Possibility or uncertainty
Where is the topic sentence usually found in an academic paragraph?
At the beginning
When paraphrasing, what’s one thing you must never change from the original?
the meaning of the original text
Which element is required for a direct quotation but not for a paraphrase?
Page number (p. #)
Name one example of a primary source.
An interview, experiment result, or original research article
Which verb shows the strongest conviction: claims, implies, or questions?
Claims.
What is the main role of a concluding sentence?
To restate or summarize the main idea.
What does the “N” in FRANCIS remind you to do when paraphrasing?
Note. Write down in note form, and in your own words, what the text says.
When citing a work with three or more authors, what format is used?
(First author’s last name et al., year)
What kind of source usually has the highest reputation in academic writing?
Peer-reviewed scholarly journal.
What does the verb “admits” imply about an author’s attitude?
They are reluctantly agreeing or acknowledging something.
What comes between the topic and concluding sentence in a paragraph?
Supporting sentences.
Which of these is NOT consistent with good paraphrasing?
Keeps the original meaning
Is very similar to the original
Makes sense
Is grammatically correct
Clearly connects with or supports the point you are trying to make
Sounds natural (see below for explanation)
Being very similar to the original
How should a book title appear in an APA reference list?
Italicized and in sentence case.
Which of these is LEAST reliable: textbook, peer-reviewed article, or a blog post?
.
A blog post
Why are reporting verbs important in academic writing?
They show how the writer views the source – agreement, doubt, or neutrality
True or False: A paragraph can have more than one topic sentence.
False.
Why might a paraphrase still count as plagiarism, even if you change most of the words?
Because the source wasn’t cited, or the sentence structure was copied too closely.
If no author is listed, what should you use in the in-text citation?
The first few words of the title, in quotation marks.
What does “context” mean when evaluating a source?
The situation, background, or reason why the source was written.
Choose the best reporting verb for this sentence: “The researcher ______ that social media reduces attention span.”
argues / claims / asserts.
Give one function of a transition sentence.
It connects ideas between paragraphs smoothly.