Waves
What is the difference between a progressive wave and a stationary wave?
A progressive wave transfers energy, while a stationary wave does not.
What two conditions must be met for two waves to interfere?
Coherent
Define electric current
Rate of flow of charge
What is Kirchhoff’s First Law?
The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum leaving it.
What did the Rutherford gold foil experiment demonstrate?
The atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus.
What is the phase difference between two points half a wavelength apart in a progressive wave?
180° (π radians).
The path difference between two interfering waves is 2.75λ. Will the interference be constructive or destructive?
Destructive
What happens to the resistance of a thermistor if the temperature increases?
Decreases
A potential divider has 9V input and two resistors 2Ω and 4Ω. What is the voltage across the 4Ω resistor?
6V
State the quark composition of a neutron.
udd
A sound wave with a frequency of 500 Hz travels at 330 m/s in air. Find its wavelength.
0.66 m.
A standing wave on a string has three antinodes. What is its harmonic number?
n = 3
A lamp draws 2A from a 12V battery. Find its power
24W
A 6V battery has an internal resistance of 0.5Ω and a 2Ω load resistor. Find the terminal voltage.
4.8V
What is the difference between a hadron and a lepton?
Hadrons experience the strong nuclear force (consist of quarks); leptons do not
Explain how Doppler effect changes the frequency of a sound heard by an observer if the source moves towards them.
The wavelength shortens, causing an increase in frequency due to relative motion.
Two speakers emit sound waves in phase at 1.2 kHz. A listener hears alternating loud and soft sounds. What is the cause?
Path difference leads to constructive and destructive interference, creating a standing wave pattern.
What happen to the resistance of the material if the length is doubled but the volume is still the same
4R
A circuit has three resistors R1 = 3Ω, R2 = 6Ω, R3 = 9Ω in series with a 12V battery. Find the current.
0.67A
Write the decay equation for beta-minus decay.
n→p+e−+νˉe
Name a property of electromagnetic waves that changes as you move from radio waves to gamma rays.
Wavelength decreases, frequency increases, and energy increases.
A diffraction grating has 600 lines per mm. What is the grating spacing, d?
1.67×10−6 m.
A 5Ω and 10Ω resistor are connected in parallel. Find the total resistance
3.33Ω.
A battery with emf of 10V and internal resistance 1Ω supplies a current of 2A. Find the power dissipated inside the battery.
4W
In an alpha decay, a nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons. What happens to atomic and mass numbers?
Atomic number decreases by 2, mass number decreases by 4.