Waves
What is the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength?
v=fλ
State the principle of superposition.
Resultant displacement = sum of individual displacements.
What happens to current in a series circuit?
It is the same everywhere.
State Newton’s Second Law of Motion.
Resultant force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).
What is the charge of a proton?
+1.6×10−19C
What is the unit of frequency?
Hertz (Hz)
What type of interference occurs when waves are in phase?
Constructive interference.
What happens to voltage in a parallel circuit?
It is the same across each branch.
Define density.
Mass per unit volume.
What particles make up a neutron?
One up quark and two down quarks (udd).
What happens to wavelength when frequency increases (wave speed constant)?
Wavelength decreases.
What type of interference occurs when waves are 180° out of phase?
Destructive interference.
State Kirchhoff’s First Law.
Sum of currents into a junction = sum out.
State the equation for pressure in a fluid.
p=ρgh
What is meant by nucleon number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
Define phase difference.
The fraction of a cycle between two waves/points.
In Young’s double slit experiment, what causes bright fringes?
Constructive interference.
State Kirchhoff’s Second Law.
Sum of EMFs = sum of potential drops in a loop.
A 2.0 kg object is at rest on a table. What is the normal reaction force? (g = 9.8 m/s²)
19.6 N.
What is emitted during beta minus (β⁻) decay?
An electron (and an antineutrino).
What is the phase difference between two points one full wavelength apart?
360° (or 2 pi radians)
State the equation for fringe spacing in double-slit experiments.
w=λDsw = \frac{\lambda D}{s}w=sλD
A 12 V battery is connected to a 4.0 Ω resistor. What is the current?
3.0 A
A cube of side 0.10 m has a mass of 8 kg. What is its density?
Volume = 0.103=0.0010.10^3 = 0.0010.103=0.001 m³
Density = 80.001=8000\frac{8}{0.001} = 80000.0018=8000 kg/m³
Write a balanced equation for beta plus (β⁺) decay of carbon-11.
611C→511B++10e+νe