Education and Identity
Schools socialize students not just through set subjects (math, science, etc.) but also by teaching punctuality, discipline, and respect for authority—a process or concept known by this term.
The hidden curriculum
This sociologist argued that social class shapes a person’s “cultural capital,” affecting everything from educational success to tastes and lifestyle.
Pierre Bourdieu
Globalization has led to these combined cultural identities, such as “Brasian” or “White wannabes,” illustrating new, mixed forms of ethnicity.
Cultural hybridity/ hybrid ethnic identities
They can be time-consuming and may suffer from high participant dropout.
Longitudinal studies
They are first-hand, current, and specifically tailored to a study, but can be expensive and time-consuming to collect.
Primary data
A powerful mechanism in education, this effect (or phenomenon) describes how teachers’ expectations can lead students to internalize certain labels and perform accordingly.
Pygmalion effect (or teacher labeling)
Pakulski and Waters (1996) suggest that identities today are shaped more by lifestyle choices and consumption than by this traditional structural factor.
Social Class
I believe that globalization has led to the blending of traditional cultural markers such as food, fashion, and music, creating distinctive combinations that challenge the boundaries of ethnic identities.
Therefore, I believe what?
Ethnic identities are changing.
Researchers use this because it helps to cross-check findings using multiple methods or sources.
Triangulation
They are easily accessible, can save time and money, but might not fit perfectly with the researcher’s aims.
Secondary data
Studies by Colley (1998) and Mitos & Brown (1998) show that subject choices and teacher expectations can reinforce this aspect of a student’s personal identity.
Gender Identity
These sociologists found that Rastafarians in Britain responded to racism and discrimination by "turning inwards," strengthening their cultural identity as a defense mechanism against societal exclusion.
Cashmore and Troyna
Some postmodernists argue that age boundaries are less important because this stage—coined by Giddens—allows older adults to remain active longer.
Third Age
1. They use standardized formats and are administered in a consistent way, making results easier to replicate.
2. This method of data collection involves a direct involvement which allows for an in-depth and authentic understanding of group behaviors.
Questionnaires
Participant observation
They provide in-depth, detailed insights into participants’ perspectives, but can be difficult to generalize or systematically analyze.
Qualitative data
Howard Becker’s (1970) work on the “ideal pupil” highlights how middle-class norms and speech codes tend to be favored by teachers, shaping this dimension of student identity.
Social Class Identity
This nationwide study in the UK revealed more nuanced class divisions, illustrating that class boundaries may be eroding but still exist.
The Great British Class Survey (2013)
This sociologist's longitudinal study on African-Caribbean youth in Birmingham found that Black youths actively used Patois to assert their ethnic identity, resisting pressures to conform to dominant cultural norms.
Tariq Modood
This paradigm emphasizes objectivity, quantification, and hypothesis testing.
Positivism
They involve strict control of variables to establish cause and effect, but can lack ecological validity.
Laboratory experiments
The Swann Report (1985) criticized the British curriculum for being centered on majority cultural values, a condition/concept often called this, which can marginalize minority ethnic students.
The Ethnocentric Curriculum
What is the "structure" of the introduction and conclusion for 26 mark essays?
Introduction:
1. Define key terms (i.e., identity & social class)
2. Thesis (i.e., while social class is often considered an important influence on identity, it's impact has been challenged)
3. Outline: This essay will evaluate the view that SC is the most important influence by presenting three arguments in support and against.
Conclusion:
1. summarize key points on both sides
2. Add a final evaluative sentence: (overall, a final evaluation of the evidence suggests that social class has a partial role when it comes to how an individual views himself).
This step involves adding a brief critique at the end of a paragraph in an evaluative essay, challenging or qualifying the argument presented by considering assumptions, limitations, or broader implications。
Further evaluation
This situation is when personal beliefs, interests, or expectations influence how data is gathered or interpreted.
Researcher values leading to bias
This method of data collection involves the researcher(s) openly joining a group to gather rich data, but their presence may alter group behavior.
Overt participant observation