Mitosis v. Meiosis
What are the names (in order of the 4 phases of Mitosis and Meiosis)
How many parent cells produce how many daughter cells in mitosis?
Only 1 parent cell is needed to produce 2 identical daughter cells.
How many parent cells are required to sexually reproduce, and how many daughter cells are produced for each cycle of meiosis?
2 parents (1 male, 1 female) are needed, and 4 daughter cells are produced.
Name 2 advantages of asexual reproduction?
Only needs one parent, happens very quickly, offspring are clones of parents, successful characteristics are guaranteed, requires less energy and time
Name tow disadvantage of asexual reproduction.
Lack of variation, organisms are more susceptible to diseases, organisms are less likely to adapt to new environments
List the primary key event that occurs during late prophase and into metaphase during Meiosis 1, that does NOT occur in mitosis.
Crossing Over
What phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its' time?
interphase
How many successful female gametes are produced at the end of Meiosis 2? How many successful male gametes are produced at the end of Meiosis 2?
Male: 4 sperm
Name 2 advantage of sexual reproduction.
Lots of variation can occur, Variations can help organisms to survive in new environments, Help to protect entire populations from being killed by diseases
Name two disadvantage of sexual reproduction.
Organisms/Cells take a longer time to mature, Must have a mate (2 parents), Gametes (sperm/egg) can be lost, Takes more energy and time
At the end of Meiosis 1, how many cells are produced? At the end of Meiosis 2, how many cells are produced?
2, 4
Name the five types of asexual reproduction.
Binary Fission, Budding, Fragmentation/Regeneration, Vegetative Propagation, Spore Formation
What is fertilization?
When a male cell (sperm) joins with a female cell (egg/ovum) to create a zygote/new organism.
Which type of reproduction can occur very quickly?
Asexual Reproduction
Which type of reproduction takes more time and energy? Why?
Sexual Reproduction because it takes more time for cells to mature and organisms to be fully formed (made of many cells)
Define the difference between haploid and diploid cells.
Haploid: 23 chromosomes
Diploid: 46chromosomes (23 pairs)
What are the 3 stages of embryonic development?
Morula, blastula, gastrula
Which type of reproduction creates organisms with a lot of variations? Why
Sexual Reproduction because the offspring get characteristics from both parents, rather than just one parent.
Which type of reproduction could cause competition between offspring?
Asexual Reproduction because their are many in a small proximity, and nutrients could be in high need.
Why does genetic diversity occur at the end of Meiosis, but not mitosis?
Crossing over of DNA once homologous pairs have lined up at the metaphase plate.
Label the following image of the cell cycle:
1. g1. 2. S1 or DNA replication. 3. G2. 4. Mitosis
5. Cytokinesis. 6. Interphase
List the 3 types of Sexual Reproduction
Internal fertilization, External fertilization, Pollination
Which type of reproduction creates organisms that would have an easier time adjusting to a new environment? Why?
Sexual Reproduction because there are more variations amongst the organisms created.
Which type of reproduction is more susceptible to disease (more likely to die of disease)? Why?
Asexual Reproduction because the cells are all the same and are more likely to die if a disease spreads.