Buddhism vocab
disiples who are enlightened but stay on earth to teach others
Earliest tibetten buddha
Jowo Rinpoche enshrined in the Johang temple (Lhasa Tibet, brought to tibet in 641 CE, gilt metals, offerings, pearls etc,)
Destroyed by Taliban
Bambiyan Buddhas (Bambiyan Afganistan, 400-800 CE)
Backround
Belives in a Caste system (B does not) Main gods are Brahma Vishnu and Shiva
Hindu temple w erotic sculptures
(Lakshmana temple, Khajuraho india, Chandella dynasty, 930 to 950 CE, sandstone)
Tang dynasty
618 to 906
China dynasty starts w who
Qin Shi Huang/ Shih Huang di, same guy
Ryoan- Ji context
in temple, meditation, zen buddhism, look at nature carefully, ment to show enlightenment could come at any moment(kyoto Japan, Muromachi period, 1480, current design =18th centruy, rock garden)
Buddha
Either Siddarth Gudhama= Shakiyamuni Buddha or the metaphorical enlightened figure = Viracona Buddha
What are the gates in the great Stupa at Sanchi called
Tororna, (Pradesh Dynasty, Late sunga Dynasty, 300-100 BCE, )
Jowo Rinpoche Enshrined in the Jokhang Temple Identifyers
Lhasa Tibet, brought to tibet in 641 CE, gilt metals, offerings, pearls etc,
Shiva as lord of dance
Shiva dances on dwarf which is a demon of ignorance, holds shivas presance durring procession and prayer (Tamil Nadu India, Chola Dunasty, bronze)
Temple of Angkor Wat
Largest religious monument in the world, started by King Suryauarman wasnt finished in his life time, Ankor Wat represents mountians coming out of the ocean (with the mote surounding it acting as the ocean) mt Meru has 5 peaks so this has 5 towers, the temple is the plan of the universe(Cambodia Angkor Dynasty 800-1400 CE)
chinese comunist revolution in
~1950
Terracotta Wariors
Every face is individualised, ment to be Qin's army in the afterlife, 8k warriors, 30k weponds both real and fake, 4 pits (Mausoleum (monument 4 dead ppl) of Qin Shi Huang, Qin dynasty, 221-209 BCE)
religions in japan
Zen, Buddhism, Shintoism
Chatras
Disks on the Yasti (stick on the top of the Stupa) Largest represents Buddha followers, middle is Buddha teachings, smallest is buddha
Bambiyan Buddhas,
2 of them in mountian, one of Viracona and one of Shakiyamuni, placed on silk road. (Bambiyan Afganistan, 400-800 CE)
Great stupa at sanchi identifyers
Pradesh Dynasty, Late sunga Dynasty, 300-100 BCE,
Hindu temple
not ment to hold hella ppl, has bathing bonds, gateways, sculptures, is dwelling place of god, statues covered in flowers and offerings, 2 styles Nagara= lots of detail very complex and ment for individual worship, private. Dravida= smoother and less ornate
A god of distructuion but not in a ________ way
Shia, God of distruction but not in a negitive way, in a rebirth and restarting of the cycle of life way. (Tamil Nadu India, Chola Dunasty, bronze)
Forbiden City context
China's largest archatectual complex, largest palace complex in the world, home to 24 chinese emporors, used to be closed off to the public, not destroyed by Mao's modernising (Bejing China, Ming Dynasty, Stone masonry, tile etc)
Why are some of the terracotta wariors weponds gone
when Qin dynasty fell ppl raided his toumb and took some of the real weponds (Mausoleum (monument 4 dead ppl) of Qin Shi Huang, Qin dynasty, 221-209 BCE)
Ryoan-ji work
rock garden, enclosed courtyard, light grey rocks, moss where stone sits, zen garden pebles radiate around rock like waves, walls are worn and look like atmousphere in old japanes paintings, like those in the temple where the garden is(kyoto Japan, Muromachi period, 1480, current design =18th centruy, rock garden)
Dharma
Buddha teachings, way of living
Designed by poet ___ and ___: ________
Designed by poet thinker and architect Gunadaharma (Great stupa at borobudur, indonesia, sailendra dynasty, 800CE)
Great stupa at Borobudur
Consists of several open air paths (cause paths important) that raiate around a central axis, devotees circumnambulate clcokwise an odd # of times
Circumnabulation in hindu temples
ment to transition from daily life to spirital worship
Chandella dynasty ruler Yasoyarma whos very popular, and for rulers to legitimize reign needs to build temples and makes this (Khajuraho india, Chandella dynasty, 930 to 950 CE, sandstone)
colors determined and seiourse, on mountian= Mao is deity like, telephone pole= modernisation, reinforce comunism (based on oil painting by Liu Chunhua, 1969, color lithograph)
Chairman Mao en route to Anyuan Context
Mao Zedong= chinese comunist revolutionary, led coal miner + railroad worker strike in Anyuan (nonviolent) made to corect political fallout, depict mao as a deity, as for the people, colors determined and seiourse printed 900 mil X (based on oil painting by Liu Chunhua, 1969, color lithograph)
How to make wood block prints
Carve wood, aply color (1 carved wood per color), align on paper, press
four noble truths
life is pain and suffering caused by desire and the only way out is the 8 fold path (how to deal w suffering)
Longmen Caves
Steep cliffs extend for miles w buddist stone statues (110k statues, 60 stupas, 2800 inscriptions on carved steles) (Longmen Caves, Luoyang China, early tang/ Norther Wei dynasty, limestone cliffs)
Mudras
hand gestures that convey a specific message
Wall scenes in Angkor Wat
lots of relif sculptires with scenes from indian Epics (Cambodia Angkor Dynasty 800-1400 CE)
Longmen cave context
Tuoba tribesmen leader Xiao wen's egear adoptation of Wei China's cultutes, Xiao Wen's son kills himself so Xiao wen focases on building (Longmen Caves, Luoyang China, early tang dynasty, limestone cliffs)
pits of Terracotta wariors
1= largest w most soldires and had wooden ceilling 2=diff types of troops, archers cherioits and infantry 3=smallest, u shaped, least# of soldires, soldires are facing eachother 4=empty
Forbiden City work
9k rooms, walls surrounding it + mote, 4 corners to rep 4 corners of the world, yellow roof tiles created unity with the red beams, tiles also made to be uncomfertable for birds to sit on, hella gates (Bejing China, Ming Dynasty, Stone masonry, tile etc)
to the right of the Ryoan-ji
dencely forested rectabgle, fully carpeted in moss, ment to awaken eye, take us out of daily life, prepareing path of enlightenment
Karma
Spiritual pinical of cause and effect, intent thoughts and words
Idea of paths?
important in Buddhism
Lhasa no longer capital of tibet why?
china has cultural revolution and takes over tibet (Lhasa Tibet, brought to tibet in 641 CE, gilt metals, offerings, pearls etc,)
what does shiva hold and what they doing
Shiva holds Drum of endless cycle of death and rebirth, w their other hands in mudras, shive also has 4 arms and thrird eyes w hair ending in cobras (Tamil Nadu India, Chola Dunasty, bronze)
Hella geomotry, 1212 decoritive ___ of the buddha and concealed buddha statues in ____
Decoritives reliefs, Buddha states in bace that holds up the monument, (Great stupa at borobudur, indonesia, sailendra dynasty, 800CE)
themes of funeral banner of lady Dai + some stuff on it
Yin and yang, lady Dai reaching hevan, dragons, toad, sun crow, heavens atendants, dragon turtles, platform of lady Dai on earth w her atendants (Han dynasty c 180 BCE, painted silk)
Daoism vs Confucianism
Daoism= seek individual expression, serenity, oneness w nature, cherity, balance
Confuciansim=respect, loyalty, tradtional values, generosity
Under the wave off Kanagawa
Ukiyo-e= floating world paintings=transitory nature/fleeting life/refrences entertainment districts, Hokasai= hella popular, made lots of prints, sold to travelers in japan who want souviners of where they go, accsesable cause prints (from 36 views of mt fuji (really like 45), Hokusai, 1830, woodblock print)
Nirvana
structure looks like a manda and is pyramid remanicant
(Great stupa at borobudur, indonesia, sailendra dynasty, 800CE)
what does the dyanastys name that created the Stupa at Borobudur mean
sailendra dynasty, Sailendra= lord of mountians, 800CE, the thing is on a hill
Janism
belife that everything is alive and some things can only feel pain
Lakshama temple, what type and what god
Whats Qin's vibe
came to power @ 13, obsessed w imortality, survived hella assasinations, promoted ppl baced on skill not last name, Qin was worried ppl were gonna get him so he needed a dead army, dead scribes, dead musicans and other dead court ppl with him (Mausoleum (monument 4 dead ppl) of Qin Shi Huang, Qin dynasty, 221-209 BCE)
portraid of Sin Sukju
Korean soldire, prime minister and scholar (one dude), highly reviered, all portraits looked like this, ment to show court regalia, loyalty to king, insignia on garment show status, face is of likeness, geometric, standerdised, (1417-1475, hanging scroll, color on silk)
Todai- Ji main building
Largest wooden structure in the world, built to unify Japan under Buddhism, monastic complex (monks live there), Daibutsuden= the building that holds the Daibusu= huge bronze buddha (Nara, Japan, Unkei & keikei &kei school, 743 (destroyed and rebuilt 4 times))
Precious one/ teacher
Samsara
Cycle of life n rebirth
what does the Jowo rinpoche refrence
exact moment of Sidartha Gutharma's enlightenment, also might have been made in his life time
mini temples that represent ____
what is in the death rebirth cycle, whats it ab
mass time and space, its gotta happenand shivas gotta do it
Funeral banner of Lady Dai, the box
4 nesting coffins covered in laquire, preserved her body, banner was ontop of the smallest coffin where the Body actually was, banner seperated into 3 parts, bottom= underworld, middle=earth top=heavan
(Han dynasty c 180 BCE, painted silk)
Forbiden city gates
Maridian gate= main gate which leades to the Gate of great harmony and then to 3 offshooting hallways (hall of Supream, Central and preserving Harmony), Gate of Divine might, West glorious gate, East glorious gate (Bejing China, Ming Dynasty, Stone masonry, tile etc)
Night attack on Sanjo Palace
illustrates heji period civil war, Illustrated historical neritive, Emporor kidnaped, smoke and flames dominate, ment to convay terror, how it would feel to be there, confusing, soldires arent good or bad- no identifyers to diffirentiate, right to left, cant see whole thing at once, horrific but unique(Japan, Kamakura Period, 25 ft long scroll)
Lhasa
former capital of tibet, home to dali lama goverment, and formerly the dali lama ((Lhasa Tibet, brought to tibet in 641 CE, gilt metals, offerings, pearls etc,)
Longmen cave central cave
central Binyang cave is 1 of three, other 2 never finished, painted in reds blues and golds (most paint is gone) There is Shakiyamuni Buddha assisted by 2 Bodisatvas wearubg draping scarfs abd jewlery w floral designs, bodys flat and elongated, Buddha wearing monastic robes
Great Stupa at Borobudur
Indonesia Sailendra dynasty, 800 CE
Longmen caves next to what river
Either side of the YI river (Longmen Caves, Luoyang China, early tang dynasty, limestone cliffs)
Forbiden city halls
Hall of Supream harmony= largest, ceramonial center of impirial power, rebuilt 7 times. Hall of central Harmony= place for emporor to be b4 senamonys. Hall of preserving harmony= smaller version of Supream, to practice rehearsal of seramonys (Bejing China, Ming Dynasty, Stone masonry, tile etc)
Gold and Jade crown symbolism or whatever
crown emphasised power of wearer through precious metals and tree shape, branch protrusions have tiny gold disks called gogok that symbolise ripe fruit for fertility and abundance, ment to evoke sacred tree aka world tree, also kinda antler like (450-500, three kingdom period, originaly Silla, in toumb of Hwangnam Deachong)
Todai-Ji south gate
The Great south Gate, Double hip n gable roof, 2 huge sculptures inside looking at people who enter, intentiounally scary, they protext the complext & buddha, sense of movement in their cloths (Nara, Japan, Unkei & keikei &kei school, 743 (destroyed and rebuilt 4 times))
Great Stupa at Sanchi
Stupa= dome, cant go inside dome. this spesific dome as well as 8 others holds actual buddha ashes. Fence on top of the stupa= Harmika. stick= yasti. disks = chatras
(Pradesh Dynasty, Late sunga Dynasty, 300-100 BCE,)
Gold & jade crown context
Silla= most powerful kingdom, crowns used in ceremonial rites of silla royalty, prior to buddhism there was shaminism, worship of a preist (450-500, three kingdom period, originaly Silla, in toumb of Hwangnam Deachong)
Funeral banner of lady Dai context and whats in toumb
Her husband= high ranked official/ Marque of Dai, Marque died first, then son and her the same year, Lady Dai's survived the best, has >100 objects like manuscrips about all stuff, paintings and medicine (Han dynasty c 180 BCE, painted silk)
The dutch?
Smuggled in stuff to japan, like Prussian blue and Repoussior (really large object painted small to look far away) which Hokosai used to make Under the great wave off Kanagawa, making it look foreing and new to the japanese(Nara, Japan, Unkei & keikei &kei school, 743 (destroyed and rebuilt 4 times))
Travelers among mountians and streams content
the obvious, pine trees, 2 men 2 donkeys loded w firewood, bolders in foreground, hight of central peak outlined by waterfall, (Fan kuan, song dynasty, ink on silk
China natural landscape=viewed mountians as scared, scholars fled durring 5 dynasty epriods and saw pine trees, development of monumental landscapes w neo-confusinism, about human insignificance
(Fan kuan, song dynasty, ink on silk
David vases
divided into registers/bands, dragons, floral patternsm phoenix, made at time of cultural exchange, inscription date 1351, vases=religous offering, ceramolial use (Prosolain, Yuan dynasty)