Paradigms
This model views disability as a medical condition that must be cured or mitigated, often focusing on pathology and impairment.
What is the biomedical model?
This phrase facilitates a broader picture of a client's experience of being disabled, as it considers other aspects of their social and cultural identity, and how these may interact with their disability.
What is intersectionality?
This is a form of control used either implicitly or explicitly by non-disabled individuals and systems that results in the marginalization of disabled individuals.
What is ableism?
The client is a 36-year-old male. He has a hearing impairment.
What is person-first language?
These are commonly missing for various psychological assessments and are an important consideration for working with disabled persons.
What are testing norms?
This model argues that disability is not inherent to an individual but is instead shaped by societal barriers, discrimination, and inaccessible environments.
What is the social model?
This U.S. law requires businesses serving the public to provide accessible services.
What is the American Disabilities Act (ADA)?
Adopting this may shape the professional viewpoint or biases about disability.
What are the theoretical models or paradigms of disability ?
The client is a Deaf 36 year-old man.
What is identity-first language?
We have a client who has Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor skills. As we plan our test battery, we want to be cognizant of this fact. Our test battery will include...
What are motor-free assessments?
This model considers disability in relation to a person's ability to perform tasks and participate in society, emphasizing rehabilitation and vocational training.
What is the functional model?
This 2019 resolution of the APA emphasized the importance of this design approach, which can increase access to products and services that address psychological and other health areas for individuals with diverse needs.
What is universal design?
These two recommended actions may help psychologists address bias, faulty assumptions, and negative emotional reactions.
What is (a) self-evaluation and (b) increasing cultural understanding?
Despite reflecting disability identity or pride, the use of these terms is discouraged for psychologists as part of the APA Inclusive Language Guidelines.
What are insider terms (e.g., quad, para, crip)?
We are working to promote accessibility for our client's assessment. (1) _______ do not fundamentally alter the constructs measured, whereas (2) _______ may alter the constructs measured.
What are (1) accommodations and (2) modifications?
This model emphasizes that people with disabilities are rights holders and should not face discrimination or exclusion due to societal structures and policies.
What is the human rights model?
A client with limited endurance or chronic pain may benefit from this alternative to traditional in-person therapy sessions to reduce the physical toll of travel.
What is telehealth?
Meta-analyses reveal that there is an inverse relationship between these two things among healthcare providers.
What is "intergroup contact" and prejudice?
This type of language is recommended for psychologists when writing as part of the APA Inclusive Language Guidelines.
What is the use of interchangeable person-first and identity-first language?
These may include changes in test format or presentation, test administration, or response procedures. The scores are still comparable to the original test.
What are accomodations?
Unlike the social model, which focuses on environmental barriers, this model highlights disability as a unique aspect of identity and culture, promoting pride and community among disabled individuals.
What is the diversity model?
In 2008, the ADAAA made an important change to the definition of disability. This change sought to make obtaining protections under the ADA easier. Specifically, they expanded the term "major life activities" to also include "major bodily functions." Individuals who experience these illnesses are now eligible for federal protection.
What are chronic illnesses?
This concept occurs when a clinician over-emphasizes or mistakenly focuses on a client's disability while ignoring other important aspects of their lives. An example of this phenomenon is present in the following statement: Research shows psychologists tend to believe problems experienced by clients with intellectual disabilities are attributable to their disability as opposed to psychological conditions, such as depression.
What is diagnostic overshadowing?
This form of communication may result in misdiagnosis by a psychologist, as it may be misinterpreted. Two example cases where this occurs are in patients with past strokes, or with chronic pain.
What are facial expressions?
These assessments evaluate how a person interacts with the environment and focuses on various domains of real-life skills (e.g., strengths, adaptive coping skills) that enable the person to engage independently in various settings.
What are functional assessments?