Overview
Purpose of the Resp System
What is deliver O2 and expel CO2 from the body
What is volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath?
Adequate Gas Exchange Depends on
What is adequate ventilation-perfusion (V/Q)?
5 Resp. S/S
What are dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest, and wheezing?
How to Perform CXR
On Full inspiration
6 structures of Upper Respiratory Tract
What is nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, tonsils, and trachea?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
What is maximum volume of air exhaled after normal breath?
An imbalanced V/Q ratio causes
What is the shunting of blood that results in hypoxia?
6 Risk Factors
What are smoking, secondhand smoke, family history, genetics, environmental, and occupational hazards?
CXR contraindicated in?
Pregnancy
5 Structures of Lower Resp. Tract
What is Lungs, pleura, mediastinum, bronchi and bronchioles, and alveoli?
Residual Volume
What is volume of air remaining after maximum exhalation?
What is 0.8?
3 reasons for Hypoventilation
-Limited neurologic impulses transmitted from brain to resp. system
-Depressed resp. centers in medulla
-Limited thoracic movement
4 Nursing Interventions for CT Scan
-Iodine Allergy if using contrast
-NPO for 4 Hours if using contrast
-Need consent with contrast
-Monitor Renal lab pre and post procedure
4 Causes for airway resistance
What is asthma, chronic bronchitis, airway obstruction, and emphysema?
Vital Capacity
What is max air exhaled from point of max inspiration?
What does a V/Q of 0 indicate?
Perfusion without ventilation, no exchange occurring
2 Indications for fine crackles ? Coarse?
Fine crackles: pneumonia, bronchitis
Coarse Crackles: COPD
3 functions of VQ scan
Assesses normal lung functioning, pulmonary vascular supply, and gas exchange
Describe Pulmonary Diffusion and Perfusion
Oxygen crosses the alveolar-capillary membrane into arterial blood by diffusion and perfusion carries oxygenated blood to all body tissues
Funcitonal Residual Capacity
What is volume of air remaining in after normal expiration?
What occurs when there's dead space
Ventilation without Perfusion, or alveoli are full of air but can't do anything
2 Causes for sonorous wheezes
What are secretions and tumors?
5 Pre-Procedure Nursing interventions for Pulmonary Angiography
-informed consent
-Assess allergies
-Assess anticoagulation status and renal fxn
-Ensure NPO status for 4H
-Administer preprocedure meds for anxiety, reduce secretions, and antihistamines