Chemical Examination I
Measurement of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of the urine.
pH
Collected when the patient arises in the morning and is the most concentrated.
first morning specimen
May indicate vaginal contamination or infections of the urine with yeast.
yeast
Common finding in pregnancy.
proteinuria
Means absence of urination
Anuria
Occur in urine in infections of the urinary tract.
leukocytes, nitrites
Collected to give quantitative chemical analysis and creatinine clearance rates.
24-hour urine specimen
Can be found in the urine specimens of both male and female patients.
spermatozoa
A value less than 7 indicates this on pH
Acidity
Minimum volume for a routine UA.
10 mL
Common in urine of diabetic patients and may be the first indication of the disease.
glucose
Performed on freshly voided urine collected in clean containers.
random specimen
Heavy concentrations of this microscopic finding may indicate that the specimen was allowed to sit at room temperature.
bacteria
The presence indicates bacteria or that the patient did not wipe external area properly.
Leukocytes
Excessive production of urine.
polyuria
The presence of intact red blood cells in urine.
hematuria
Collected with a needle inserted directly into the bladder.
suprapubic specimen
Clear upper portion of the specimen.
What is the supernatant
Common in the presence of starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, excessive vomiting, and diabetes mellitus.
Ketonuria
Most widely employed technique for detecting chemicals in the urine.
reagent strips
The product of the breakdown of hemoglobin.
bilirubin
May be ordered when the urine is to be cultured or examined for microorganisms.
clean-catch midstream specimen
Most commonly encountered parasite in urine.
trichomonas vaginalis
Rough measurement of the concentration, or amount, of substances dissolved in urine.
specific gravity
What gives urine its color?
Urochrome