“Any conjecture cast in a form that will allow it to be tested and refuted.”
What is a hypothesis?
100
The idea that a causal relationship should not conflict with generally known facts.
What is coherence?
100
"The process of passing from observations and axioms to generalizations."
What is an inference?
200
When the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable decreases
What is negative association?
200
A curve with three peaks of frequencies on the line graph.
What is a multimodal curve?
200
Epidemiologic research studies are initiated with this.
What is research questions?
200
A relationship being observed repeatedly.
What is consistency?
200
"A single value chosen to represent the population parameter."
What is a point estimate?
300
A linkage between or among variables; variables that are associated with one another can be positively or negatively related.
What is association?
300
"The plot of... a type of correlative association between and exposure (e.g., dose of a chemical) and effect (e.g., a biologic outcome) (Friis, 2010, pg. 94).”
What is a dose-response curve?
300
"The process of defining measurement procedures for the variables used in a study"
What is operationalization?
300
The idea that we must observe the cause before the effect to attribute causation.
What is temporality?
300
A range of values that with, a certain degree of probability, contain the population parameter.
What is a confidence interval estimate?
400
A type of variable that can have an infinite number of values within a specified range; ex. height and weight
What is a continuous variable?
400
The time period between initial exposure and a measurable response.
What is latency?
400
"A situation in which all of the factors in two or more domains are the same except for a single factor."
What is the method of difference?
400
The idea that there is a linear trend between exposure and disease, demonstrated by the dosage-response curve.
What is biological gradient?
400
The ability of a study to demonstrate an association.
What is power?
500
As the value of one variable increases so does the value of the other variable.
What is positive association?
500
A relationship between two variables that is associated, but nonlinear.
What is a curvilinear relationship?
500
"A type of association in which the frequency of an outcome increases with the frequency of exposure to a factor."
What is the method of concomitant variation?
500
A type of causal relationship involving more than one factor.