Stars
On the main sequence, as mass increases, the luminosity does this.
What is increase?
These are the three constituents of the ISM.
What are gas, dust, and cosmic rays?
These are the dense regions in molecular clouds that condense to form stars.
What are cores?
This is where planets are born
What is a protoplanetary disk?
This is the phase of evolution on which stars spend most of their lives (fusing hydrogen to helium in their cores).
What is the main sequence?
What is luminosity?
These are where stars form
What are molecular clouds?
Cloud core collapse is a battle between these two things.
What are gravity and pressure.
This is a method to detect planets that measures the star wobbling due to the gravitational pull of the planet.
What is the radial velocity method?
This is the beautiful object created when ultraviolet photons from the hot remnant of a star like the Sun runs into mass previously ejected as a red giant.
What is a planetary nebula?
The spectral type of a star tells you about this property of the star.
What is its (surface) temperature?
This phase of ISM gas is bright in X-rays.
This phenomenon causes star formation nearby to stop but can trigger stars to form in other parts of a cloud.
What are stellar winds (of ultraviolet radiation)?
This is the name of a ground-breaking NASA mission that found lots of planets somewhat similar to Earth.
What is Kepler?
These are the two elements that a star like the Sun will be unable to fuse, thus creating a white dwarf remnant.
What are carbon and oxygen?
Eclipsing binary stars can be used to measure this property.
What is radius/diameter?
These spectral types of stars are responsible for creating HII regions.
What are O and B stars?
This is the special name for protostars that have lost the spherical envelope of gas feeding them, now having only a disk.
What are T-Tauri (or pre-main-sequence) stars?
The most common type of planet in the Milky Way has a size between the size of these two planets in our Solar System.
What are Earth and Neptune?
This is the event that occurs in stars like the Sun when the degenerate core reaches 108 K all at the same time.
What is the helium flash?
Giants and supergiants make up this percentage of stars in the universe.
What is less than 1%?
This is the most common particle making up cosmic rays
What is a proton?
This is the maximum mass a star can have
What is 100-250 times the mass of the Sun?
Name one way in which Hot Jupiters can migrate inward.
What is 1) friction in the gas disk or 2) interactions with other planets?
These are the two sources of energy powering a red giant.
What are gravitational contraction and hydrogen shell burning?