Planets
What are the Jovian planet's atmosphere's mostly made of?
Hydrogen
What is the visible layer of the Sun called?
Photosphere
The life cycle of a star depends on its "______"
Meaning, what kind of star will it become, how will it die
Mass
If something is "blue shifting" it is moving _____
towards us
Describe the difference between a Meteor, Meteorite, and Meteoroid?
Meteoroid = Small rock in space
Meteor = Shooting star, burning in atmosphere
Meteorite = lands on ground
Give the Number of natural satellites of the first 4 planets. Double points for telling me which planet has the most natural satellites
Mercury & Venus 0, Earth 1, Mars 2, Saturn has the most
What is the hottest layer of the Sun called?
The Core
What color of star is the hottest, what is coolest?
Blue / Red
What do Spiral and Elliptical Galaxies have in common? What is different about them?
Both have supermassive black holes at center
Spiral Galaxies generate new stars, Elliptical has older stars, not much new star formation
Explain the process of how a star is born?
When a molecular cloud collapses on itself (due to an unbalance of mass), a protostar is created. Once it generates enough mass, it'll begin to fuse hydrogen, becoming a star
Explain why Venus is so hot. In order to get full credit, you must give and EXPLAIN two reasons
Closeness to Sun, Atmosphere creates greenhouse Effect
What is the process called that creates energy in the Sun's core?
Nuclear Fusion
Refer to Supreme Ruler Coach Boyd's Awesomely drawn HR Diagram to answer a question about brightness
Pineapple
Describe an Open Universe. What about a closed? Which one are we thought to be living in? Why?
Open, Galaxies expanding, Closed, Galaxies come back and collapse together.
Open, All galaxies appear to be red shifting from us
What are the effects on Earth from a CME?
Also, where do Comets come from, and where is it located?
kuiper belt, outside of neptune, inside the oort cloud
What evidence is there that Mars possibly had liquid water on its surface? Must give at least 2-3 well explained reasons
Ice Caps, river / stream like channels, salt flows,
Describe a Sunspot's appearance, temperature, magnetic field, its cycle (in years), and any other information
dark, cooler, very high magnetic field, 11 years (22 total), occurs in pairs
Refer to Supreme Ruler Coach Boyd's Awesomely drawn HR Diagram to answer a question about Temperature
Pinapple
Why is every single "photograph" of the Milky Way, like this one, technically fake?
We've never even been outside of our solar system, much less outside of the milky way galaxy
Explain what the following people / missions are known for: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, Mercury Program, Voyager Program, Valentina Tereshkova, Alan Shepard
First dudes on the moon, sent Americans into space / orbiting earth, explored jupiter and is the farthest probe we've sent / also fastest man made thing, first woman in space / russian, first American in space
List the planets in order from largest diameter to smallest. You have 30 secs. Ready, GO!
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury
List the 4 "things" that erupt or come off of the sun. Must be able to describe them as well
Prominence = Flaming Loop
Solar Flare - Brief explosion
CME - Large Bubble of ionized gas
Solar Wind - steady constant stream of ionized energy that comes from the sun
Must get all three right:
New stars are USUALLY hotter/cooler than most stars
Giants or Super Giants are more / less dense than main sequence stars
Which one would live the shortest life? Blue Main sequence, Yellow Main Sequence, Red dwarf, Black Hole
Hotter, less dense, blue main sequence
Our current understanding is that our universe is (Expanding / Contracting) at a (Slower, Steady, Accelerating) rate. This is due to __________. However, if we had more __________ or _________, then the Universe would instead (Expand / Contract)
Expanding, Accelerating, Dark Energy, Mass or Dark Matter, Contract
Name List the planets in order from their fastest orbit around the sun to the slowest:
Name 4 layers of the sun in order starting from the "center"
Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganamyde
Normal order of planets
Core, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona