Equations and Constants
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is Newton's third law of motion?
The third planet from the Sun
What is Earth?
The father of both modern experimental physics and telescopic astronomy
Who is Galileo?
Mission which has provided most of what we know about the Moon
What is the Apollo Program?
The model properties that space stretches and distances grow larger by the same factor everywhere at a given time
What is isotropic and homogeneous?
Constant defined as 6.626 × 10^−34 J-s
What is Planck's constant?
The part of the H-R diagram where the majority of stars can be found
What is the main sequence?
The younger sister of another famous astronomer and the first woman credited with discovering a comet
Who is Caroline Herschel?
The first artificial satellite
What is Sputnik 1?
Makes up as much as 95% of the total mass of the galaxy
What is dark matter?
Planetary orbits are ellipses with the Sun at one focus
What is Kepler's first law?
The giant planet with a tenuous ring composed of dust
What is Jupiter?
The man for which the principle which suggests that there is nothing special about our place in the universe was named
Who is Copernicus?
Components of modern astronomical instruments
What are telescope, sorting instrument, and detector?
Accounts for up to 69% of critical density
What is dark energy?
Constant defined as approximately 22 kilometers per second per million light-years
What is Hubble's constant?
Objects in which no nuclear reactions take place
What are planets?
Measured the size of Earth with high precision in 240 B.C
Who is Eratosthenes?
The spacecraft which performed flybys of all four giant planets
What is Voyager 2?
Confirms the presence of dark matter in massive galaxy clusters
What is gravitational lensing and X-ray radiation?
The observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance
What is Hubble's Law?
Stars that are both bright and dim
What are white dwarfs?
American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification
Who is Annie Jump Cannon?
Telescope that showed that quasars lie at the centers of galaxies and that both spirals and ellipticals can harbor quasars
What is the Hubble Space Telescope?
Fraction of the universes lifetime when dark energy began to dominate the rate of expansion and caused it to speed up
What is approximately half?