Planets
This celestial body orbits the sun, is round (sufficient amount of mass to be spherical) , and has a clear orbit
What is a planet?
A distinctive pattern of stars used informally to organize a part of the sky. There are 88 officially recognized ones, which technically define sections of the sky rather than collections of specific stars.
What is a constellation?
This type of black hole is a few to hundreds of times the Sun’s mass, depending on star’s mass when the supernova began
What is a stellar-mass black hole?
giant balls of hot gas – mostly hydrogen, with some helium and small amounts of other elements
What are stars?
a star whose brightness changes, either irregularly or regularly
What are variable stars?
Planets in order from the sun
What is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune?
When space object is farthest from sun
What is an aphelion?
A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.
What is a black hole?
like a baby star, approx same mass of sun (a contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun)
What is a protostar?
____ is a measure of flux, which is _____ is basically energy per unit of area per second, units are typically solar _____ (L☉) or W/m2
What is Luminosity?
Jupiter, Saturn are in this category of planet
What are gas giants?
a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger—20 times as wide and 20-200 times as massive.
What is the Kuiper Belt?
The point at which the velocity to escape exceeds the speed of light.
What is the event horizon?
when stellar winds and radiation blow away the surrounding shell of gas and dust, and the third stage, when the surrounding envelope has cleared, is called the ____
What is a T Tauri star (phase)?
Temp 20,000-210,000 K, no hydrogen, luminosity can reach over a million L☉, emits all kinds of wavelengths
What is a wolf-rayet star?
Neptune & Uranus are in this category of planet
What are ice giants?
The five recognized dwarf planets in our solar system.
A part of a black hole that can be escaped, but rotates along with the black hole
What is the ergosphere?
Similar to a T-Tauri star, luminous regions surrounding newborn stars, are formed when stellar winds or jets of gas spewing from these newborn stars form shockwaves colliding with nearby gas and dust at high speeds
What is a Herbig-Haro object?
Yellow Giants, similar to RR Lyraes, pulsations cause changes in temp and size
What are type I/II Cepheids?
The earth, venus, mars, and mercury are in this category of planet.
What are terrestrial planets?
A brief streak of light caused by a small piece of solid matter entering Earth's atmosphere at tremendous speed (typically 20 to 40 miles per second). Also called a "shooting star."
What is a meteor?
A place in the universe where the laws of physics break down. Super intense gravity causes spacetime (the concept of time and 3d space fused) to break down.
What is a singularity?
(think a phase, clue: our sun will be this in approx 5 billion years)
Star expands, luminosity ^^, evolution path branches off here depending on initial mass of the molecular cloud
What is the Red Giant Phase?
Red Giants, extremely bright, full of either oxygen or carbon, luminosity changes are min. 2.5 magnitudes
What is Mira?