General
steady flowing type of electricity, produced by batteries and used in flashlights, boom boxes, and computers.
Direct Current (DC)
Current is the same at all points in a series circuit. Voltage is the same at all points in a parallel circuit.
Circuit Rule
The piston moves down, creating a partial vacuum in the cylinder. The fuel airmixture
enters the cylinder through the open intake valve. The exhaust valve is closed.
INTAKE
If a spark plug is coated with a greasy black substance, the cylinder is?
Leaking oil.
Probably because of worn piston rings. Oil burns incompletely in the cylinders, leaving this black deposit.
ECU
Engine Control Unit
Type of current that changes direction many times per second. ___ is used in home wiring, mainly because it can be transported long distances over the transmission of wires.
Alternating Current (AC)
3 Wires (black, white, bare) Black- hot conductor, White – grounded conductor aka neutral, Bare – Alternative route utilized in case of an emergency.
Typical Wiring
Both valves are closed. The piston moves up, compressing the fuel-air mixture to about ten times atmospheric pressure.
COMPRESSION
Spark plugs must have the correct gap, measured in?
Thousandths of an inch. Feeler gauges are used to set the correct gap.
Fuel tank
The Fuel filter
Carburetor/Fuel Injector
Fuel system
Annotated as a capital V, force that affects the rate at which electricity flows through a conductor (aka: electrical pressure). The higher the voltage the more likely electricity will “leak” across an insulator or an air gap.
Voltage
Describes the relationship between voltage, amperage, and ohms:
A = V/ Ώ
Ohm's Law
The spark plugs fire, starting an explosion inside the cylinder. The resulting high pressure pushes the piston down.
When spark plug electrodes get thin, the plug should?
Be replaced.
What type of filter does fuel tank use?
Charcoal Filter
is the opposition of a material to the flow of electricity through it. ALL circuits must have a resistance. If they do not they are then considered short circuits which can lead to wires overheating.
Resistance
Used to calculate the amount of power consumed by an electrical orelectronic device:
W = V x A
The Law of Electronical Power
The piston moves up again, with the exhaust valve open and the intake valve closed. The piston pushes burned exhaust gases into the exhaust manifold and out of the engine.
Electronic Ignition
This system also allows precise spark timing, which increases power and MPG, all the while reducing pollution.
Carburetor
The exact ratio of air to fuel is critical to performance, a mixture with too much fuel, aka “rich mixture”
Annotated as a capital A, represents current strength
Amperes
Series – add the resistance of each load
Parallel – add the inverses of the resistance
Finding Resistance in a Circuit
The order of operations in a Otto cycle engine:
INTAKE, COMPRESION, POWER, EXHAUST
What type of battery does a car use?
What does corrosion-preventing chemicals do?
1. 12-volt battery
2. Avoid problems blamed on “dead batteries”, these chemical often show up as red spray on the terminal.
After combustion, burned gas enters the exhaust system. The exhaust manifold connects the cylinders to the muffler, tailpipe, and parts of the pollution control equipment.
Exhaust System