Tissue Healing
Primary cells of connective tissue that synthesize collagen.
What are fibroblasts?
Receptor parallel to extrafusal fibers sensing stretch rate and duration.
What is the muscle spindle?
Arthrokinematic motion where new points contact new points, causing compression.
What is rolling?
Slow-twitch, highly fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
What are Type 1 (slow oxidative) fibers?
Kinetic chain format most functional for upper-extremity sports movements.
What is an Open Kinetic Chain (OKC)?
These are the 3 stages of healing.
What are acute, subacute and remodeling stages?
High tension sensed by Golgi Tendon Organs, causing immediate relaxation in the contracting target muscle.
What is autogenic inhibition?
According to the Convex-Concave Rule, if the moving joint surface is convex, sliding occurs in this direction relative to the angular bone movement.
What is the opposite direction?
Muscle contraction producing maximum tension and limb deceleration.
What is an eccentric contraction?
At heel strike in the gait cycle, this subtalar joint motion occurs to provide shock absorption.
What is pronation?
The principle stating that soft tissue models along lines of stress.
What is Davis’ Law?
Aiding joint synovial movement, increasing end range motion, and reducing joint contractures are benefits of this.
What is Passive Range of Motion (PROM)?
Involuntary movements between joint surfaces needed for full motion.
What are accessory motions (arthrokinematics)?
Isotonic contractions have these two phases.
What are concentric and eccentric?
Lower extremity activities that lead to increase joint congruency, stimulate mechanoreceptors, and minimize joint shear forces.
What is a Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC)?
The goal of this stage of healing is to control pain, maintain soft tissue integrity, and limit effusion and edema.
What is the Acute Stage?
Adaptive shortening of a muscle-tendon unit without pathology.
What is a myostatic contracture?
Maitland mobilization grades used strictly for stretching into resistance.
What are Grades III and IV?
The structural factor that produces peak active muscle tension.
What is the length-tension relationship?
This bi-articular muscle phenomenon occurs during CKC movements when a muscle lengthens at one joint while shortening at another.
What is concurrent shift?
Fluid that dilutes the hematoma and stops clot formation inside a joint.
What is synovial fluid?
Contraction of an agonist muscle automatically triggers reflex relaxation in its opposing antagonist muscle via this mechanism.
What is reciprocal inhibition?
The specific resting position of a joint where articulating surfaces are maximally separated, allowing for the maximum amount of joint play.
What is the loose-packed position?
To develop peak muscle tension and stimulate cellular metabolic changes during isometric training, a contraction must be held for at least this long.
What is 5 to 6 seconds?
Simultaneous activation of opposing muscle groups to stabilize a joint during closed-chain activity.
What is co-contraction?
The property of connective tissue defined as a slow return back to resting length after deformation, alongside the creep response to sustained loads.
What is viscoelasticity?
The 2 main reasons why someone should stretch.
What is General Hypo-mobility and Neuromuscular control?
The four clinical contraindications to performing joint mobilizations. (Name 3 for points)
What are hypermobility, joint effusion, inflammation, and excessive pain?
The four primary determinants that dictate a muscle's overall strength. (Name 3 for points)
What are muscle size (cross-sectional diameter), number of fibers, neuromuscular efficiency, and length-tension relationship?
In this specific phase of gait, the subtalar joint supinates and the posterior tibialis contracts concentrically to create a rigid lever for transmitting force to the ground.
What is push-off (or toe-off)?