Growth & Development
This primitive reflex is present at birth and normally disappears by 4 months. When the infant feels like they are falling, they abduct and extend their arms.
What is the Moro reflex?
This is the leading cause of cardiac arrest in children.
What is respiratory failure
This vaccine is routinely given within 24 hours of birth, at one month, and again at six months.
What is the Hepatitis B vaccine?
This congenital heart defect is characterized by a loud machinery-like murmur.
What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn?
What is 30–60 breaths per minute?
According to ATI, at what age should a child be able to stack six blocks, walk up and down stairs with both feet on each step, and use two-word sentences?
What is 2 years old (24 months)?
A child with epiglottitis suddenly develops stridor and drooling. What is the nurse's priority?
A. Obtain a throat culture
B. Visualize the throat
C. Prepare for airway management
D. Encourage fluids
C. Prepare for airway management
This live vaccine should NOT be given during pregnancy or to severely immunocompromised children.
What is MMR or Varicella?
Children with Tetralogy of Fallot must perform this action during cyanotic spells (Tet Spells) to improve oxygenation.
What is squatting (or knee-to-chest position)?
A nurse is preparing acetaminophen for a child. Which assessment is most important before administration?
A. Respiratory rate
B. Temperature and weight
C. Blood pressure
D. Oxygen saturation
B. Temperature and weight
A nurse is assessing a 9-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone should the nurse expect?
A. Rides a tricycle
B. Pulls to stand
C. Hops on one foot
D. Draws a circle
B. Pulls to stand
Rationale: Pulling to stand, cruising, and pincer grasp are expected around 9 months.
A child has a tonic-clonic seizure lasting 8 minutes despite receiving lorazepam. Which medication should the nurse anticipate next?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Phenytoin/Fosphenytoin
C. Atropine
D. Albuterol
B. Phenytoin or Fosphenytoin
A parent asks why their child receives the DTaP vaccine. Which diseases does it prevent?
What are Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis?
A newborn with Down syndrome is at increased risk for this congenital heart defect.
What is an atrioventricular septal defect (AV canal defect)?
According to ATI, the preferred pain assessment scale for a preverbal infant is:
A. Numeric
B. Wong-Baker
C. FLACC
D. FACES
C. FLACC
According to Erikson, the developmental task of a toddler is:
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
A child has severe dehydration from gastroenteritis. Which assessment finding indicates hypovolemic shock?
A. Bounding pulses
B. Bradycardia
C. Delayed capillary refill and tachycardia
D. Hypertension
C. Delayed capillary refill and tachycardia
Which vaccine is administered orally?
A. IPV
B. Rotavirus
C. Hib
D. Hepatitis A
B. Rotavirus
A nurse is caring for an infant with pyloric stenosis. Which assessment finding is expected?
A. Bilious vomiting
B. Projectile non-bilious vomiting
C. Bloody diarrhea
D. Clay-colored stools
B. Projectile non-bilious vomiting
Which child should the nurse see first?
A. Child with asthma who has expiratory wheezes
B. Child with croup and inspiratory stridor at rest
C. Child with otitis media and fever
D. Child with vomiting and mild dehydration
B. Child with croup and inspiratory stridor at rest
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old hospitalized child. Which intervention best promotes developmental needs?
A. Give complex written instructions
B. Encourage cooperative play and therapeutic play
C. Allow unrestricted screen time
D. Expect abstract reasoning
B. Encourage cooperative play and therapeutic play
A nurse suspects increased intracranial pressure after a head injury. Which combination of findings is most concerning?
A. Fever and tachycardia
B. Bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respirations
C. Tachycardia and hypotension
D. Bradycardia and hypotension
B. Bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respirations
(Cushing's Triad)
A 12-month-old is at a well-child visit. Which vaccines should the nurse anticipate?
What are:
A child with coarctation of the aorta will most likely have:
A. Equal pulses
B. Strong femoral pulses
C. Weak femoral pulses with higher BP in the arms
D. Cyanosis of only the upper extremities
C. Weak femoral pulses with higher BP in the arms
A nurse is admitting four pediatric clients. Which child requires immediate intervention?
A. Infant with RSV and SpO₂ 96%
B. Child with nephrotic syndrome and periorbital edema
C. Toddler with epiglottitis sitting upright, drooling, and unable to swallow
D. School-age child with type 1 diabetes and blood glucose of 240 mg/dL
C. Toddler with epiglottitis sitting upright, drooling, and unable to swallow