Slavery and Labor
This form of unfree labor was a racialized, hereditary, and (in theory) permanent.
Atlantic Slavery
This agricultural process occurred during the mid-17th-century and contributed to the exponential increase in West Africans being trafficked to the Americas.
Sugar Revolution
This man first landed in modern-day Bahamas in the late fifteenth-century (he did not think the world was flat).
Christopher Columbus
One leg of the transatlantic slave trade, this journey trafficked up to 15 million Africans to the Americas in horrific conditions.
Middle Passage
An example of where this concept is present is South Carolina where there is an Black majority and the economy is completely reliant upon unfree labor.
Slave Society
With a population of almost a quarter million people, this city "fell" in 1519, although its Indigenous inhabitants never disappeared.
Tenochtitlan
This form of bound labor requires that the individual sign a contract selling their labor to a master for a set period of time in exchange for food, clothing, housing, and transportation to the Americas.
Indentured Servitude
New England in the 1760s is an example of this, where enslaved people live but their labor is not the foundation of the economy.
Society with Slaves
This Pre-columbian city in modern-day Missouri was once the home of 10-20,000 people and features the largest prehistoric earthwork in the Americas.
Cahokia
In this network, raw materials were extracted in the Americas and goods were produced in Europe and traded to Africa for enslaved people who were sent to the Americas.
Triangular Trade
This law was based on the economic concept of mercantilism, and it compelled merchants in every colony to ship goods directly to England in English ships.
Navigation Act (1651)
Ruling over the Empire of Mali in the 14th century, this ruler was known for having converted to Islam and for being extremely wealthy in gold.
Mansa Musa
This social and economic concept relies upon enslaved labor and large scale agriculture.
Plantation Complex
These state-sponsored monopolies were the ancestors to modern-day corporations, and involved monarchs investing in colonization efforts.
Joint-stock Companies
This city-state, established as early as 2000 BCE, was the capital of Songhay in the 11th century CE and was a manufacturing center and a node on the trans-Saharan trade networks.
Gao