Politics, Religion, and Law
This largely bloodless conflict in 1688 led to the codification of the English throne as Protestant and to the strengthening of Parliament's power.
Glorious Revolution
Fought during 1636, this conflict pitted English colonists against Native American groups in Massachusetts and southern New England and led to enslavement of war captives.
Pequot War
This important document was promulgated in 1494 by the Pope and divided the known world between the Spanish and Portuguese empires.
Treaty of Tordesilla
Passed in 1641, this set of laws not only enumerated Massachusetts Bay colonists' rights but also established the conditions under which a person could be enslaved.
Body of Liberties
Promulgated in the French colony of Saint Domingue in 1685, this set of laws regulated many aspects of enslaved people's lives.
Code Noir
This 700-year process involved Christian polities taking territory from Muslim powers on the Iberian peninsula.
Reconquista
This mid-eighteenth-century religious movement decried the rise of materialism and urged colonists to strip their lives of worldly concerns and return to a more pious lifestyle.
Great Awakening
As part of the so-called Columbian exchange, this disease contributed to demographic declines of Indigenous populations in the Americas.
Smallpox
The first one of these religious conflicts occurred in the tenth century and involved Christian powers attempting to retake the Holy Land.
Crusades
This mid-seventeenth-century conflict saw the execution of a king and contributed to shifts in the relationship between North American colonies and the homeland.
English Civil War
In places like Jamaica, large numbers of runaway slaves that formed societies were often labeled with this term.
Maroon
This political ideology justified the murder and enslavement of non-Christians.
Just war
The religious movement contributed to the emergence of so-called Protestant religious.
The Reformation
African-descended people who had been born in the Americas were often given this label, which is a Spanish word.
Criollo
This Spanish term describes an idealized time in medieval Iberia during which Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived together with relative peace.
Convivencia