Atomic History
Who proposed the first modern atomic theory stating that atoms are indivisible?
DALTON
Which principle says electrons fill the lowest energy orbital first?
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
VIOLET
What is the formula that relates wavelength, frequency, and the speed of light?
C = λν
What subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom?
PROTON
Which scientist discovered the nucleus using the gold foil experiment?
RUTHERFORD
What rule states that no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers?
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
What do all electromagnetic waves have in common?
SAME SPEED (SPEED OF LIGHT)
What equation do you use to calculate the energy of a photon?
E = hν
Why is an atom electrically neutral?
PROTONS = ELECTRONS
Bohr’s model suggested that electrons travel in fixed ______ around the nucleus.
ORBITS (ENERGY LEVELS)
What is the name for the electrons in the highest occupied energy level?
VALENCE ELECTRONS
Which type of EM radiation has the highest frequency?
GAMMA RAYS
If light has a wavelength of 500 nm, what is its frequency?
6.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called _____.
ISOTOPES
Which scientist discovered the neutron?
CHADWICK
How many electrons can the 3rd energy level hold at maximum?
18
Rank these from lowest to highest energy: infrared, UV, microwave.
MICROWAVE < INFRARED < UV
What happens to energy as wavelength increases?
ENERGY DECREASES
What is the charge of an oxygen ion (oxide)?
-2
Why did Rutherford conclude that atoms are mostly empty space?
MOST ALPHA PARTICLES PASSED STRAIGHT THROUGH THE FOIL
What is the electron configuration of oxygen (neutral atom)?
1S² 2S² 2P⁴
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL
If a photon has a frequency of 3.0 × 10¹⁵ Hz, what is its energy? (h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s)
~2.0 × 10⁻¹⁸ J
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Na⁺ (sodium-23)?
11 PROTONS, 12 NEUTRONS, 10 ELECTRONS