Atomic Nature
Brownian motion is the idea that all matter is ___.
Moving (in motion)
Solids with a geometric arrangement of atoms (ex: minerals like NaCl)
Crystalline
1 kg of water has a volume of ___ L.
1 L
Daily Double!
1) A blimp weighs 100 tons. It displaces 90 tons of air. Will this blimp float in the air?
2) Who came up with this principle of flotation?
1) Heck no! It must displace a greater weight of air than its own to float in air.
2) Archimedes
Hooke's law applies to any object that returns to their original size & shape after being stretched. These substances have what property?
Elasticity
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in a lithium (Li) atom?
3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3 electrons
Daily Double!
1) "Tension" is a ___.2) "Compression" is a ___.
1) pull
2) push
Daily Double!
1) An object completely submerged in water displaces a ___ equal to its own.
2) The buoyant force of this object is equal to the ___ of the water displaced by it.
1) volume
2) weight
What are the conditions at "STP?"
T = 0oC (273 K)
P = 1 atm (101 kPa)
Daily Triple!
1) What is the mass of 1 mole of oxygen gas (O2)?
2) What volume does it occupy?
3) How many molecules of oxygen are in the sample?
1) 32 grams
2) 22.4 L
3) 6.02 x 1023 molecules
Daily Double!
1) How many valence electrons does nitrogen (N) have?
2) What charge does it form as an ion?
1) 5 valence
2) -3 (gains 3 electrons)
Solids with no geometric arrangement of atoms (ex: synthetics like rubber, glass and plastic)
Amorphous
Daily Double!
1) How does a Pascal (1 Pa) of pressure break down into simpler units of force and area?
2) How does it break down further into kilograms, meters, and seconds?
1) 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
2) 1 N/m2 = 1 kg m / s2 m2 or kg / m s2
According to Bernoulli's principle, the air moving over the top of an airplane wing is traveling ___ than the air underneath, and thus has lower ___ over the top of the wing, creating lift
faster
lower
What is the total pressure of a mixture of nitrogen gas (pressure = 80 kPa) and oxygen gas (pressure = 20 kPa)?
100 kPa
Daily Double!
Dalton's atomic theory states:
1) all matter is composed of ___.
2) atoms of the same element have the same ___.
1) atoms
2) properties
Daily Triple!
A spring stretches 10 cm when a 5 kg (50 N) weight is suspended from it.
1) How much will it stretch if the weight is doubled to 10 kg (100 N)?
2) How much would it stretch if a second, identical spring is attached side by side with the same 10 kg (100 N) weight suspended from the two springs?
3) What if the two springs were in a series end to end?
1) Twice as much (20 cm)
2) Half of that (10 cm)
3) each spring stretches 20 cm, so the total stretch would be 40 cm
Lake Michigan has a max depth of 922 feet (281 m). What is the pressure on an object at this depth?
9,220,000 Pa
Daily Double!
1) What gas diffuses faster? He or NO2 ?
2) How much faster is it?
1) He
2) 3.4 times faster
I beams are resistant to tension and compression, so they are structurally as strong as a solid object of equal outside dimensions. What advantage does an I beam have over a solid object of equal dimensions?
I beams contain way less material (steel), so they are much lighter and cheaper.
Daily Double!
Dalton's atomic theory states that
1) atoms combine (bond together) to form ___.
2) atoms cannot be ___ or ___.
1) molecules or compounds
2) created or destroyed
Gold is valued at $64.22 per gram (g). Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. If Aaron Rodgers received his $200,000,000 contract in the form of a cube of gold, how big would each of its sides be?
Each side of the gold cube would measure 0.544 meters (or 54.4 cm)
a hydraulic lift has a small piston with area of 3 m2 and an input force of 50 N. If the output piston has an area of 8 m2, what force does the large piston lift with?
133.3 N
An enclosed 5 L cylinder full of air at a temperature of 23oC. What would the temperature have to be to crush the cylinder to half the volume?
148 K (or - 125oC)
The area of a 757 plane's wings is roughly 2,000 ft2 (or 185 m2). If the difference in air pressure above and below the wings is 5% of atmosphere pressure (STP), what is the lift on the wings?
F = 934,250 N (up)