Atomic Theory
What is the basic unit of matter?
atom
What does each box in the periodic table represent?
an element
What is a chemical bond?
(A chemical attraction between atoms)
What are the two main types of chemical bonds?
(Ionic and covalent bonds)
What is pH?
(A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is)
Who proposed the atomic theory?
John Dalton
What is the atomic number of an element?
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
How do elements bond within the periodic table?
(By sharing or transferring electrons)
Define ionic bond.
(A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another)
What is the pH scale range?
(0 to 14)
What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom?
proton neutron electron
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
(By increasing atomic number)
What role do valence electrons play in bonding?
(They determine how atoms will bond with each other)
Define covalent bond.
(A bond formed when two atoms share electrons)
How do acids and bases differ in terms of pH?
(Acids have a pH less than 7; bases have a pH greater than 7
Describe the difference between an atom and a molecule.
atom is one element, molecule is two or more
What is the difference between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table?
(Metals are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable; nonmetals are dull and insulators)
What is the octet rule?
Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell)
What is a neutral solution?
(A solution with a pH of 7)
What is the significance of the electron cloud in atomic theory?
The electron cloud represents the regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.
What are groups and periods in the context of the periodic table?
(Groups are vertical columns; periods are horizontal rows)
(Acids taste sour; bases taste bitter)