ionic
In the chemical formula for ionic compounds, what is ALWAYS first?
the metal
MgBr2
KI
What is a property that is shared by most molecular compounds (covalent compounds)?
low melting points
what term means that metals can be beaten into shape or rolled into thin sheets?
malleability (malleable)
when an atom loses an electron, it becomes which kind of ion?
positive ion... also called cation
the ionic compound MgBr2 is also known as magnesium bromide. What does the 2 stand for in this chemical formula?
that there are two bromide ions bonded to a single magnesium ion.
The name for the ionic compound Na2S is what?
Sodium Sulfide
*the metal is always said first, but does not get numbers (di, tri, tetra, etc). The non-metal ends with "ide" and the amount of non-metal is noted.
example: Magnesium di-Iodide MgI2
What is a double bond?
a bond in which four electrons are shared between two non-metals.
Solid metals are good conducters of _______ and _______.
Heat and electricity
electrons that are used by atoms to form bonds are always in the outer shell. Another name for these electrons are?
Valence electrons
what are the two MOST reactive groups of elements... and what are their family names?
1st column (alkalai metals)
7th column (halogens or florine group)
Ionic compounds that dissolve in water conduct electricity because they break into _________ that can move freely--moving to the opposite charges.
Ions
molecular compounds are not good conductors of electricity because?
They do not produce ions (positive or negative)
what are the properties of metals
Very high melting points
heat & electricity conductivity
crystalline structure
ductile
malleable
explain the "sea of electrons." Also, which type of bond does this occur in?
in metallic bonds, positively charged metal ions are held together in a crystal with negatively charged electrons flowing freely among the metal atoms... like a sea.
a polar covalent bond
what are the properties of ionic compounds?
high melting points
dissolve & conduct electricity in water
crystalline structures
how is a covalent bond formed... draw a lewis dot structure showing this type of bond.
non-metals bond together, sharing electrons to make full outer shells.
F-F
explain what an alloy is
a mixture of two or more metallic elements bonded together by metallic bonds.
example: titanium (aluminum & steel)
Bronze (copper & Iron)
explain how you make a non-polar covalent bond.
this happens when two atoms with the same level of greediness (electronegativity) share electrons equally.
F-F S=S
Cl-Cl . O=O
If you had Mg, how many Florine would it bond with?
explain (and show) how a chemical bond forms between sodium and chlorine (NaCl)
Na transfers (gives) 1 electron to Chlorine.
Ionic: high melting point, dissolves in water, conducts electricity in water
Covalent: low melting point, does not dissolve in water (unless its polar), does not conduct electricity
explain why metals are so good at conducting heat & electricity
because electrons can move freely between all bonded metal atoms
if you were to make a lewis dot structure for Al (group 13)... how many electrons would you have to put around it? draw it on the board.
group 13 is the boron group, they have 3 valence electrons. Count from the left and skip the middle metals.
How do valence electrons relate to the bonding atoms do?
the number of valence electrons has everything to do with how atoms bond. Everything wants to get to either 0, 2, or 8 valence electrons. Metals get rid of electrons (because its easier), non-metals take electrons (because its easier). The number of electrons an atom can lose or gain determines the number of bonds it can make.