Atomic Theory
How is the law of conservation of mass seen in a chemical reaction ?
The mass of the reactants will be equal to the mass of the products in a chemical reaction. Mass will not be loss as a new substance is formed.
What are the two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom and their charges?
Neutrons, neutral in charge, and protons, positively charged, are both found in the nucleus of the atom
What does the angular momentum number indicate about the orbital of an atom
It indicates the orbital shape.
What does the letter indicate in an orbital Name? (ex: orbital 1s, what does the s indicate?)
Orbital shape
Define mass number
Mass number is defined as the total number of particles in the nucleus or the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
According to John Dalton, atoms cannot be created, destroyed or divided. He was later proven to be wrong about this statement. In what way was he wrong?
Atoms CAN be divided into sub particles. The three subatomic particles are protons, neutrons and electrons.
Why is the nucleus described as a dense region of the atom?
The nucleus takes up a small part of the atom's volume but holds the majority of its mass, therefore it is a dense region.
How does energy level change as an electron moves further from the nucleus of an atom?
Energy level increases as an electron moves further from the nucleus.
Identify the element with the following electron configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Calcium
Define ground state
Ground state is the lowest possible energy state of an atom or particle. When an atom is at ground state n=1
Melissa finds that even after melting sugar in a weight boat, the mass did not change from 3.2 grams. What law is being observed on this process?
Law of conservation of mass
What are the TWO forces acting on the sub particles in an atom's nucleus? Between which particles are these forces found?
A repulsive force is acting between protons in the nucleus and a strong attractive force between protons and neutrons.
What are the possible values of the angular momentum quantum number and their corresponding shape?
l=0, s
l=1, p
l=2, d
l=3, f
Which elements can be used to abbreviate electron configurations? Can you use [Br]?
Noble gasses are used to abbreviate electron configuration
You can't abbreviate with [Br] because it is not a noble gas.
Define atomic number
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom
How were scientist able to make the three laws that prove the existence of atoms (law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions)
Through observations of compounds, or pure substances made of atoms of different kinds of elements chemically bonded together
There can't be only positive particles in the nucleus of an atom. Use Coulomb's Law to explain why
v
What is the name of an orbital with a principal quantum number of 3, and an angular momentum quantum number of 1. What are all the possible values of the magnetic quantum number?
Name: 3s
Values of m: [-1,0,+1]
What are the requirements for electrons to exist in the same orbital, according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle? (2 requirements)
There must only be 2 electrons with opposite spins in the same orbital
Define Electron Configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom
How do the compounds H2O2 and H2O follow the law of multiple proportions.
State consistent mass, changing mass and the small whole number ratio in your answer
Both compounds have the same elemental components,hydrogen is consistent in mass, and oxygen's mass forms a 2:1 ratio of small whole numbers so H2O2 and H2O follow the law of multiple proportions.
Sulfur-32 and Sulfur-33 are isotopes. According to the definition of an isotope, what characteristic is changing between these two elements of sulfur?
They have different numbers of neutrons, as a result their mass numbers differ.
Give all the possible values of l and m for an orbital with an energy level of 3
n=3
l= 0,1,2
m=-2,-1,0,+1,+2
Why is the following electron configuration incorrect?
[Na] 3s23p63d104s24p5
2 reasons
1. Na is not a noble gas so you can't use it to abbreviate.
2. According to Aufbau principle 3d and 4s orbitals are out of order
Define the law of definite proportions
a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass