Atomic Structure
Ions & Electrons
Bond Types / Interactions
Structure & Formulas
100
The basic unit of matter is called what?
An atom.
100
What are valence electrons? Where are they found?
Valence electrons: electrons in the outermost energy level that participate in chemical bonding
Found in the energy level/shell
100
What is an ionic bond?
Bond that is formed between oppositely charged ions where they transfer electrons
100
What kind of structure is shown in the picture?
Lewis Structure: a diagram that represents/illustrates the bonds between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons
200
The ________ of an atom holds the protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
200
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
Cations are positively charged (since they lost electrons) while anions are negatively charged (since they gained electrons)
cation = +
200
What is a covalent bond?
Bond formed where the atoms share electrons
200
What kind of formula is shown below? (Molecular, Empirical, Structural?)
C6H12O6
Molecular
A molecular formula shows the number and types of atoms in a molecule
300
What three particles are found in atoms? Define them.
Proton: Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron: Neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron: Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus
300
T/F: Ions and molecules are the same thing
False.
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons, i.e. an atom with a charge (ex. K+)
A molecule is a group of 2 or more atoms bonded together, which can be either the same or different elements (ex. H2O)
300
What is the difference between a polar and non-polar covalent bond?
Polar: type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unevenly, causing a molecule to have a partial charge (ex. H2O)
Non-polar: type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms (ex. CO2)
300
What is an empirical formula?
A chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of elements within a compound
ex. The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. It's empirical formula would be CH2O since the ratio of elements is 1:2:1
400
What is the difference between the atomic number and the atomic mass/weight?
Atomic number: # of protons in the nucleus of an atom that defines the element
Atomic mass/weight: the average weight of the atom that accounts for isotopes
400
What does electronegativity mean?
A measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond.
In other words, the pull an atom has on electrons (ex. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity in H2O)
400
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
1 way to remember: H likes to have FON (fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen)
400
What kind of formula (Molecular, Empirical, or Structural) is shown in the picture below?
Structural
A structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them in a molecule
500
What is an isotope?
What is an electron cloud?
Isotope: an atom of the same element but with a different amount of neutrons and therefore different atomic mass.
Electron cloud: the region around the nucleus where electrons are found
500
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion made of 2 or more atoms bonded together, usually with a charge
ex. OH-
500
What are Van der Waals forces?
Weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary shifts in electron distribution
In other words, it is a weak interaction/attraction between atoms that are very close together
500
What is the difference between a Lewis Structure and a structural formula?
A Lewis Structure shows the pairs of valence electrons and the bonds within a molecule, whereas a structural formula only shows the bonds. Therefore, the Lewis Structure is more detailed.