3.1 The Atom
What is every piece of matter made of?
Atoms
Sodium is in the family of ______ metals
Alkali
What is an ion?
When an atom gains or loses an electron
State one part of Coulomb's law.
- Neutral charges don't attract or repel
- The closer they are, the stronger the force of attraction/repelling
What happens when you put an alkali metal in water?
It ignites/explodes
Fill in the blank:
Protons have a ______ charge
Neutrons do not have a ______
Electrons have a ______ charge
Protons have a positive charge
Neutrons do not have a charge
Electrons have a negative charge
How many valence electrons do Alkaline Earth Metals have?
Two (2)
If an atom has 5 protons and 6 electrons, what is its charge?
-1 charge
The largest atoms are in the _____-_____ of the periodic table.
Bottom-left
How many electron shells does Silver have?
5 electron shells
The Atomic Number equals the number of ______
Protons
Which of the following is NOT a basic metal?
Tin, Lead, Aluminum, Iron, Bismuth
Iron is a transition metal
If Nitrogen gains 3 electrons, what is its charge?
-3 charge
Elements in the ____-____ have high ionization energy and high electronegativity
Top-right
A neutral element has 2 valence electrons on its 4th shell. 2 of those electrons are taken away. What element is it and what is its charge now?
Calcium, +2 charge
The Atomic Mass equals _____ plus ____
Protons plus Neutrons
What's an element that's the most chemically similar to Phosphorus?
- Nitrogen
- Arsenic
- Antimony
- Bismuth
- Moscovium
If an atom has 4 protons, 5 neutrons, and 4 electrons, what is its atomic mass?
9 atomic mass
What is ionization energy?
The amount of energy you need to make an ion
What is the Latin word for Gold?
Aurum
Why do some symbols not match the element's name?
Some symbols use their Latin name (or German for Tungsten)
Which family of elements has the most valence electrons?
Noble Gases
How many neutrons does carbon usually have, if its atomic mass is around 12?
6 neutrons
(12 atomic mass - 6 protons = 6 neutrons)
What is electronegativity?
The ability for an atom to hold their electrons tight
What four elements are most medications made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen