Metabolism
Between Catabolism and Anabolism, which process is involved in cell division?
Anabolism
What are the four steps that enzymes go through to create a product?
1. Enzyme binds to the substrate at the activation site.
2. Form the Enzyme-substrate complex
3. Bond rearrangement forms the Transition-state complex
4. Transition-state decomposes, releasing final products, and the enzyme returns to its initial state.
What is the purpose of redox reactions?
To pass electrons between molecules
What is the function of Pyruvate kinase?
Helps convert glucose/ATP through glycolysis.
What is the difference between a Chemoheterotroph and a Chemoautotroph?
Chemoheterotrophs consumes organic material to obtain a carbon source and create energy, while Chemoautotrophs generates energy from the oxidation of inorganic chemicals and uses CO2 as its carbon source.
Which law of thermodynamics is involved in Catabolism?
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Which law or laws of Thermodynamics do we use in microbiology?
1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics
When something is oxidized, this means?
Loss of electrons
What part is the energy portion in ATP?
The TP, not the A.
What are the three names for Carbohydrate catabolism in the mitochondria?
Kreb Cycle, TCA Cycle, and the Citric Acid Cycle.
Catabolism definition
A biochemical process in metabolism where large molecules get broken into smaller units to release energy or for other uses.
Can enzymes make a Gibbs Free Energy reaction occur backwards or can this reaction only go forward?
Yes, Enzymes have the ability to cause a Gibbs Free Energy reaction to go backwards.
When something is reduced, this means?
Gaining of electrons
What process does Photophosphorylation correspond to?
Photosynthesis
In Oxidative Phosphorylation, do you need a cell membrane, or can the process still happen without one?
Yes, you do need a cell membrane for Oxidative Phosphorylation.
Anabolism definition
A biochemical process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine to generate complex molecules.
What is activation energy?
The amount of energy needed to proceed forward.
In cellular respiration, what is being oxidized?
Glucose
What structure aids in Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Electron transport chain
In Gibbs Free energy, when the energy is greater than zero, would it be considered exergonic or endergonic?
Exergonic
Anabolism is not spontaneous, which makes it Endergonic.
Name all the cofactors/coenzymes, and then distinguish between which ones are organic and metallic
Metallic: Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+
Organic: Mainly vitamins
On the product side of cellular respiration, which compound is being oxidized and, which one was reduced?
CO2 was oxidized.
H2O was reduced.
How much ATP is created from one Glucose molecule?
38 ATP
What does the word vitamins, actually stand for?