Attitudes
Explain what Explicit attitude means
When people openly state their attitude and then behave in a way that reflects this attitude
Explain Cognitive dissonance
Cognitive dissonance is typically internally recognised as an unpleasant feeling due to the psychological tension
Explain Social identity
Social identity refers to a person’s sense of self based on how they fit into society and groups within that society
What are attributions?
inferences we make about the causes of events or behaviours in order to understand social experiences are called
what is glutamate's effect on neurotransmission?
It makes an action potential less likely.
It makes an action potential more likely.
It causes the inhibition of neurons in the brain only.
It causes the excitation of neurons in the brain only.
it makes the action potential more likely
What does the tri-component model of attitudes consist of?
ABC
Affective - feelings and emotional response
Behavioural - behaviour towards the attitude object
Cognitive - thoughts, ideas and understanding about an attitude object
Who came up with cognitve dissonance?
Leon Festinger
Explain In group
oA group of people with shared interests/beliefs (who you identify with)
What are the 2 types of attributions that that we look at?
dispositional (internal/personal) characteristics of an individual or the situational (external) factors that may have influenced them
In an operant conditioning study, a pigeon was trained to peck a button whenever it heard a whistle. Over time, it began to peck the button when it heard a car horn as well. This is an example of
stimulus generalisation.
What type of attitude is described below:
Involuntary, uncontrolled or unconscious attitudes that individuals are often unaware they hold.
Implicit Attitudes
What are the 3 reasons for cognitve dissonance?
Forced compliance
decision making
Effort
Explain Out Group
People/groups that exist outside of someone’s group (don’t belong)
What is actor – observer bias?
When thinking about our own behaviour we tend to consider situational/external factors, however when considering the actions of others we tend to look at dispositional attributes
Explain what attitude means
A learnt, stable and relatively enduring evaluation of a person, object, event or idea that can influence a person’s behaviour
After experiencing cognitive dissonance we often try to reduce the uncomfortable feelings and reduce our internal tension
In order to do this you do one of three different things
1.Change your attitude
2.Change your behaviour
3.Develop a new attitude to rationalise
Tajfel proposed three mental processes that we use to determine and maintain who is part of our in and out groups, what are they?
Social Categorisation
Social Identification
Social Comparison
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
This occurs when people place too much emphasis on dispositional attributes to try and explain a behaviour and not enough emphasis on the situational attributes
Explain Attitude Specificity
This is where an attitude and behaviour are highly aligned (congruent)
Will attitudes change if you do not experience cognitve dissonance?
No
Explain social identification
This stage of social identity theory sees an individual adopt the behaviour, attitudes and imagery of the group that they belong to.
What was a strength of ROSS (1977) experiment?
It used an experimental research design, which increases the reliability of the results