Physiological tests
What are the three measurements on tympanometry?
Static compliance
Ear canal volume
Peak pressure
What is the acoustic reflex?
A temporary stiffening of the muscles in middle ear
How does the pediatric test battery for assessing hearing loss differ from the adult test battery?
(give 2 ways)
Case history - different questions asked for children
Behavioral observation
Use a modified test protocol based on age of child (Visual reinforcement audiometry, Conditioned Play audiometry, Pure tone conventional audiometry)
Physiological tests - tympanometry, OAE, ABR, acoustic reflexes
What is the difference between a congenital vs. acquired ear disorder?
Congenital - born with the disorder
Acquired - happens after birth
What is ototoxicity?
SNHL caused by damage to the cochlea from drugs, medications
Why would we conduct an acoustic reflex threshold test?
To confirm the results of behavioral (Pure tone) audiometry
What are the 3 possibe results of an Acoustic reflex test?
1.Present ART
2.Abnormally elevated ART
3.Absent ART
When would we use the ABR test in the audiology clinic?
To estimate the degree of hearing loss for an infant, child or adult who cannot be tested with pure tone audiometry
What are the three germ layers?
Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
What is the difference between Presbycusis and Meniere’s disease
Pres - hearing loss caused by aging, causes a sloping SNHL
Meniere’s disease - hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, and aural fullness are symptoms. Caused by overproduction of the fluid endolymph in the inner ear. Causes low-frequency fluctuating SNHL
What structures are tested during an acoustic reflex threshold test?
Acoustic reflex tests the middle ear muscles, facial and auditory nerves, and the brainstem
What structures are tested during an OAE test?
The OAE test assesses the outer hair cells in the cochlea
What are the most common speech audiometric tests performed with young children (2-5 years)?
(Name 2)
SRT using body parts for young children
SRT using pictures
Word recognition testing using Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test (picture cards or objects)
What are the three ways to treat otitis media?
Over the counter medications
Antibiotics (most common)
Pressure equalization tubes
WHat are the 3 major structures of the inner ear?
cochlea, SSC, and Vestibule
Describe the type Ad tympanogram
Normal peak pressure with abnormally high SC
Indicates TM is hypermobile or middle ear bones are separated
If a patient has mild conductive hearing loss, what would you expect on OAEs?
Mild loss would be an absent or abnormal OAE
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening mandates that children have…
(Name 1 thing)
Their hearing screened by age 1 month
Their hearing loss diagnosed by age 3 months
An intervention plan put in place by age 6 months
What are congenital anomalies of the outer ear?
Anotia, microtia
Stenosis, atresia
Name a syndrome that may cause hearing loss
Warrdenburg, Treacher Collins, Usher, Down, CHARGE, Pendred
What structure(s) are measured through a tympanogram?
External auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, middle ear cavity, Eustachian tube
What structures generate the reflex, and what structure innervates middle ear muscles?
–Superior olivary complex
–Facial Nerve
What is an appropriate intervention plan for a child with hearing loss?
(Name 2 things)
Amplification using hearing aids or cochlear implants
Communication mode using sign language, speech
Resources for emotional wellbeing, support for family
Early intervention with SLP or other professional
What is a Cholesteatoma vs. otosclerosis?
Chl - Decaying mass of material in middle ear, treated through surgical removal
Otoscl - excessive growth of the stapes that is treated by surgery to remove stapes and put in a prosthetic ossicle
What is anoxia?
A lack of oxygen causes damage to inner ear