speech and language
what is an example of an error in speech
deletion of speech sounds
omission of speech sounds
distortion of speech sounds
If a child is 5 years old and was implanted at 3 years old, what is their hearing age?
2 years old
(compare to speech and language norms of 2 year olds)
Fill in the blank: Low frequencies carry the _______ of speech
volume/melody
What is one of the two tests we can use to screen newborns for hearing loss?
ABR (auditory brainstem response)
OAEs (otoacoustic emissions)
name 1 reason BTEs are best for children?
Can change EM as the child grows (and can be soft EM)
strong telecoil
sturdier device
what is an example of an error in language
slow rate of speech
higher pitch
reduced intonation
syntax/semantic/prosody/pragmatic difficulty
What are the 4 terms in the auditory skill assessment ladder?
awareness/detection
discrimination
identification
comprehension
Fill in the blank: high frequencies carry the _______ of speech
meaning
Why is it best to intervene as early as possible for children with hearing loss?
The earlier the intervention, the more similar their speech and language will be to their peers.
(prior to 6 mo = average or near normal development)
What are the 3 elements that can hinder communication in a classroom?
SNR
Reverberation
Distance
A person is considered deaf if they have a loss of what dB or greater?
75 dB or greater
(hard of hearing = thresholds within 20-70 dB)
If the teachers voice is 75 dB SPL at 2 feet, what is the volume of her voice at 8 feet?
63 feet
2 doubled is 4 feet, subtract 6 = 69 dB SPL
4 doubled is 8 feet, subtract 6 more = 63 dB SPL
Why can we understand speech sounds from men, women, and children when they all have formants at different frequencies?
At how many months do we want to begin intervention for a child with hearing loss?
6 months
(1 mo = screen, 3 mo = identify, 6 mo = intervention)
list 2 of the 8 things you would cover in an inservice
1) anatomy and physiology of auditory system
2) types of HL
3) degree of HL
4) signs of HL
5) impact of HL on speech/language/reading/academics
6) HA troubleshooting and monitoring
7) suggestions for visual teaching
8) simulated HL example
what are 2 of the 4 variables that affect speech and language production in kids with hearing loss?
1) age of onset
2) age of intervention
3) aided thresholds
4) family attitudes
If the speech signal is 70 dB SPL and the background noise is 60 dB SPL, what is the SNR?
+ 10 dB SPL
(remember, + means signal is louder than noise, - means noise is louder than signal)
According to the all-powerful speech banana, if a person has a 45 dB flat loss, what speech sounds can they hear? (choices: low frequency consonants, high frequency consonants, most vowels, no speech sounds)
low frequency consonants and most vowels
(starting at 60 dB no speech sounds are heard)
how far into the auditory system does ABR test?
up to brainstem
For auditory training purposes (NOT speech reading), list manner, voice, and place from the easiest to most difficult to differentiate.
AT: voice, manner, place
Speech reading: place, manner, voice
(voice = low frequency 250ish
manner = mid frequency 1000ish
place = high frequency 2000ish)
For hard of hearing kids, what is the most frequent speech difficulty?
frequent omission of final consonants or distortion of high frequency fricatives
(vowels and suprasegmentals are usually unaffected)
What are 3 of Matkin's special considerations for fitting children with hearing aids?
1) Fit slight to profound
2) BTEs are best
3) Careful of SSPL90/MPO because of size of child's ear canal
4) Need ALDs too (mainly FM systems)
5) Condition of HAs can equal parents' acceptance of HL
6) Need ongoing audiological monitoring
what are formants?
Resonances in the vocal tract that cause some frequencies to have more energy than other frequencies
how far into the auditory system do OAEs test?
Outer hair cells
What are 3 of the 5 steps for fitting a child with hearing aids?
1) audiological assessment
2) obtain medical clearance from ENT
3) select HAs (BTEs)
4) HA monitoring
5) Parental management (education and counseling)