Australia's First Peoples
About how long ago did the first people come to Australia?
60,000 years ago
How did New Guineans live similar to the Australian Aborigines?
Hunting, fishing, and gathering
What are some of the groups living on the eastern Melanesian islands of Samoa called?
Polynesians
When did Europeans begin exploring the Pacific Ocean?
The early 1500s
What year did the British send a fleet of ships to Australia to establish a colony in Sydney?
1788
The Aborigines
How long ago did a new group of people arrive on the coast of New Guinea?
Between 3,000-4,000 years ago
long-distance
Who was the first European to cross the Pacific?
Ferdinand Magellan
What is a penal colony?
A place where convicted prisoners could be sent for punishment, far from their homelands.
Were the Aborigines hunter-gatherers or farmers?
Hunter-gatherers
New Guineans were among the first people in the world to discover _______.
farming
huge canoes
During the 1640s, _____ sailors became the first Europeans to reach Australia and New Zealand.
Dutch
What became a profitable industry in Australia in the 1800s?
Sheep raising to produce wool.
Coastal peoples and those living along rivers relied on _______.
The people of New Guinea and the Solomon islands were divided into how many distinct ethnic groups?
What helped the Polynesians navigate from one island to the other?
Positions of stars at night, ocean currents, and the flight patterns of birds
What British sailor explored the Pacific Ocean?
James Cook
What was New Zealand home to in the early 1800s?
Polynesian Maori people.
Historians study what type of tradition to learn more about what Australia looked like thousands of years ago?
Oral tradition
New Guineans grew what crops?
The _____ are the original inhabitants of New Zealand and the Cook Islands.
Maori
How many days did James Cook spend mapping the New Zealand coast?
328
British settlers drove many __________ off their land.
Aborigines